{"id":2206620,"date":"2026-10-18T12:16:03","date_gmt":"2026-10-18T09:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2206620"},"modified":"2026-10-18T12:16:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T09:16:03","slug":"cioclu-in-vremea-ciumei-azi-am-adunat-15-morti-dar-n-am-putut-ingropa-decat-14-fiindca-unul-a-fugit-si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2206620","title":{"rendered":"Cioclu \u00een vremea ciumei: \u201eAzi am adunat 15 mor\u021bi, dar n-am putut \u00eengropa dec\u00e2t 14, fiindc\u0103 unul a fugit \u0219i&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-0\/046dab2f-b900-4571-9602-249039167151\/index.png?p=f%3Djpeg%26w%3D1200%26h%3D630%26r%3Dcover&#8221;]<\/p>\n<article class=\"svelte-x63bga\">\n<nav>\n<ul class=\"breadcrump svelte-1pk9a69\">\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/\" title=\"Adev\u0103rul\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">Stil de via\u021b\u0103<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\/magazin\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">Magazin<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\/magazin\/cioclu-in-vremea-ciumei-azi-am-adunat-15-morti-2564422.html\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">Cioclu \u00een vremea ciumei: \u201eAzi am adunat 15 mor\u021bi, dar n-am putut \u00eengropa dec\u00e2t 14, fiindc\u0103 unul a fugit \u0219i nu l-am putut prinde\u201c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<p><main class=\"svelte-x63bga\"><\/p>\n<p>\n\u00cen<br \/>\ntimpul molimelor de cium\u0103 care au lovit \u0162\u0103rile Rom\u00e2ne, oamenii nu<br \/>\nse luptau doar cu boala, ci \u0219i cu cioclii, care deveniser\u0103 la fel<br \/>\nde temut. \u00cen schimbul a trei taleri pe lun\u0103, ei c\u0103utau muribunzii<br \/>\n\u0219i-i \u00eengropau de vii. De cumplita boal\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 leac la acea<br \/>\nvreme, au murit \u0219i lideri importan\u021bi precum Iancu de Hunedoara \u0219i<br \/>\nNicolae Mavrocordat.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container-image  svelte-1xbw4f3\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-0\/046dab2f-b900-4571-9602-249039167151\/index.png?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D1400%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp 1400w\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption svelte-1xbw4f3\"><span class=\"captionText svelte-1xbw4f3\">Ciocli \u00een vremea ciumei <span class=\"source svelte-1xbw4f3\">Foto: Wikipedia<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\nCiuma,<br \/>\no boal\u0103 pe care credeam c\u0103 am \u00eenchis-o pentru totdeauna \u00een<br \/>\nc\u0103r\u021bile de istorie \u0219i \u00een tratatele medicale, revine din nou \u00een<br \/>\ndiscu\u021bie, dup\u0103 ce o cercet\u0103toare de origine rus\u0103 care lucra<br \/>\n\u00eentr-un laborator din Siberia a murit. Vestea a provocat \u00eengrijorare<br \/>\npentru orice p\u0103m\u00e2ntean care cunoa\u0219te m\u0103rturiile r\u0103mase din<br \/>\ntimpul epidemiilor trecute.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nCiuma<br \/>\nnu a mai fost semnalat\u0103 \u00een Europa de aproape jum\u0103tate de secol,<br \/>\niar \u00een Rom\u00e2nia nu au mai fost \u00eenregistrate cazuri de aproape dou\u0103<br \/>\nsecole. Rom\u00e2nii \u00eens\u0103 \u0219tiu din arhivele vremii ce a \u00eensemnat<br \/>\naceast\u0103 epidemie care a luat mii de vie\u021bi, mai ales \u00een timpul<br \/>\nvalului devastator din anii 1813-1814 \u2013 \u201eCiuma lui Caragea\u201c,<br \/>\ndup\u0103 numele celui care conducea la acea dat\u0103 \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Nu<br \/>\nera pentru prima dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd ciuma b\u00e2ntuia pe meleagurile noastre.<br \/>\nCele mai vechi scrieri vorbesc de cium\u0103 \u00een Moldova \u00een 1443, \u00een<br \/>\n1476 \u00een ambele principate, iar \u00een 1480 \u0219i 1495 ciuma face pr\u0103p\u0103d<br \/>\n\u00een Transilvania \u0219i \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103.<i> \u201eDin secolul al<br \/>\nXVI-lea, din nenorocire, ea \u00eencepe s\u0103 fie bine cunoscut\u0103 \u00een \u021bara<br \/>\nnoastr\u0103, iar \u00een secolul urm\u0103tor c\u00e2nd se auzea despre cium\u0103,<br \/>\npopula\u021bia or\u0103\u0219eneasc\u0103 fugea \u00eengrozit\u0103 spre mun\u021bi, mai<br \/>\n\u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2ntat\u0103 dec\u00e2t de n\u0103v\u0103lirea t\u0103tarilor sau a turcilor<\/i>\u201c,<br \/>\nscria George Potra \u00een volumul \u201eDin Bucure\u0219tii de ieri\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>\nIancu<br \/>\nde Hunedoara \u0219i Nicolae Mavrocordat, mor\u021bi de cium\u0103<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\nDe<br \/>\ncium\u0103 au fost r\u0103pu\u0219i \u0219i lideri politici. Astfel, pe 11 august<br \/>\n1456, prima victim\u0103 dintre voievozi a fost Iancu de Hunedoara. El se<br \/>\nafla \u00een tab\u0103ra de la Zemun, l\u00e2ng\u0103 Belgrad, la scurt\u0103 vreme de la<br \/>\nvictoria \u00eempotriva lui Mahomed al II-lea, cuceritorul<br \/>\nConstantinopolului, oprind astfel \u00eenaintarea Imperiului Otoman spre<br \/>\ncentrul Europei. A fost \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat \u00een Catedrala episcopal\u0103 din<br \/>\nAlba Iulia, fiind numit un \u201eAtlet al lui Christos\u201c de c\u0103tre<br \/>\npapii care i-au apreciat meritele \u00een lupta antiotoman\u0103.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container-image  svelte-1xbw4f3\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-8\/8e9b6937-e2a4-4b1a-8729-5720660b0a40\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D1400%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp 1400w\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption svelte-1xbw4f3\"><span class=\"captionText svelte-1xbw4f3\">Iancu de Hunedoara a murit de cium\u0103  <span class=\"source svelte-1xbw4f3\">Foto: Arhiv\u0103<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\nO<br \/>\nalt\u0103 c\u0103petenie \u00eencoronat\u0103 r\u0103pus\u0103 de cium\u0103 a fost Nicolae<br \/>\nMavrocordat, domn al Moldovei, primul din perioada fanariot\u0103, care a<br \/>\nmurit la 14 septembrie 1730 \u00een Bucure\u0219ti, fiind \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat la<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-locale\/constanta\/istoria-blestemata-a-manastirii-vacaresti-1918262.html\">M\u0103n\u0103stirea V\u0103c\u0103re\u0219ti<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\nCiuma<br \/>\na b\u00e2ntuit \u0219i la \u00eenceputul domniei lui <a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\/magazin\/special-constantin-brancoveanu-de-la-principe-al-2382132.html\">Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu<\/a>, \u00een<br \/>\n1689, revenind c\u00e2\u021biva ani mai t\u00e2rziu. \u201e<i>La apari\u021bia ciumei \u00een<br \/>\nBucure\u0219ti, popula\u021bia nevoia\u0219\u0103, care n-avea cale\u0219ti s\u0103 fug\u0103 cum<br \/>\nf\u0103cea familia domneasc\u0103 \u0219i boierii, \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103r\u0103sea casele la voia<br \/>\n\u00eent\u00eempl\u0103rii \u0219i o lua razna pe c\u00eemp, \u00een p\u0103duri \u0219i spre mun\u021bi.<br \/>\n(&#8230;) Boierna\u0219ii, care n-aveau pe cine s\u0103 lase \u00een case s\u0103 le<br \/>\np\u0103zeasc\u0103 avutul, \u00eengr\u0103m\u0103deau \u00een l\u0103zi \u0219i boccele ce aveau de<br \/>\npre\u021b \u0219i le d\u0103deau pe seama preo\u021bilor s\u0103 le p\u0103streze \u00een<br \/>\nbiseric<\/i>i\u201c, scria George Potra. Mul\u021bi fugari erau deja infecta\u021bi<br \/>\nde cium\u0103 \u0219i nu s-au mai \u00eentors niciodat\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i recupereze<br \/>\naverile, care au r\u0103mas \u00een m\u00e2inile preo\u021bilor. \u0218i Constantin<br \/>\nBr\u00e2ncoveanu se refugia la<a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stil-de-viata\/magazin\/istoria-nestiuta-a-palatului-cotroceni-distrus-de-2443864.html\"> Cotroceni <\/a>sau la Pl\u0103t\u0103re\u0219ti, iar apoi<br \/>\nla Mogo\u0219oaia, iar \u00een anii 1706-1707, c\u00e2nd ciuma p\u0103rea c\u0103 nu se<br \/>\nmai termin\u0103, Br\u00e2ncoveanu \u0219i-a luat familia \u0219i s-a retras \u00een<br \/>\nfostul palat domnesc din T\u00e2rgovi\u0219te.<\/p>\n<h2>\nM\u0103n\u0103stiri<br \/>\npentru bolnavi<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen<br \/>\n1779, Francisk Iosef Sulzer, care \u00een 1804 a scris o carte despre<br \/>\nValahia \u015fi Moldova, a vizitat \u0219i C\u00e2mpulungul. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 c\u0103 ne-a<br \/>\nl\u0103sat m\u0103rturii \u00een care vorbea despre faptul c\u0103 \u00een ora\u0219<br \/>\ncatolicii erau mai mul\u021bi dec\u00e2t osta\u0219ii, el vorbe\u0219te \u0219i despre<br \/>\nmolima de cium\u0103 care a lovit ora\u0219ul, ocazie cu care catolicii s-au<br \/>\n\u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiat, pierz\u00e2ndu-\u0219i astfel \u0219i privilegiile pe care le-au<br \/>\navut de la Negru-Vod\u0103.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"container-image  svelte-1xbw4f3\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-a\/a36034c1-5e82-4113-afb5-4d7b4671f156\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D1400%26h%3D426%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp 1400w\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption svelte-1xbw4f3\"><span class=\"captionText svelte-1xbw4f3\">Bucure\u0219ti la final de secol XVIII <span class=\"source svelte-1xbw4f3\">Foto: Arhiv\u0103<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n1796,<br \/>\nultimul an al primei domnii a lui Alexandru Moruzi, a fost marcat de<br \/>\ncium\u0103. Conform m\u0103rturiilor eclersiarhului Dionisie, boala a f\u0103cut<br \/>\nmulte victime: \u201eFost-au \u00een zilele acestui Domn mare omor de cium\u0103,<br \/>\nmurind \u00een Bucure\u015fti zece mii de oameni: b\u0103rba\u0163i, mueri, b\u0103tr\u00e2ni<br \/>\n\u015fi tineri, dup\u0103 ar\u0103tarea cu catastife de c\u0103tr\u0103 v\u0103t\u0103\u0219eii<br \/>\ncioclilor; asemenea \u015fi la Craiova au murit ca la dou\u0103, trei mii, \u015fi<br \/>\nse \u00eentinsese boala ciumei prin toate ora\u015fele \u015fi satele \u0163\u0103rii\u201c.<br \/>\nCa m\u0103sur\u0103 sanitar\u0103, Alexandru Moruzi \u201ea poruncit de au zidit<br \/>\nspital mare la marginea Bucure\u015ftilor, cu multe od\u0103i, \u0219i au f\u0103cut<br \/>\n\u0219i biseric\u0103 \u00een mijlocul cur\u021bii spitalului \u015fi pre cei bolnavi de<br \/>\ncium\u0103 \u00eei scotea cioclii din ora\u0219 \u015fi \u00eei ducea de \u00eei b\u0103ga<br \/>\nacolo\u201c, apoi \u201eluat-au trei mon\u0103stiri mari s\u0103 fie \u00eenchinate la<br \/>\nspitalul ciumei, adec\u0103 Tismana, Cozia \u015fi C\u00e2mpulungu\u201c. Numai c\u0103<br \/>\nVod\u0103 a fost mazilit chiar \u00een ziua de 30 august 1796, zi \u00een care<br \/>\nurma s\u0103 fie deschis spitalul \u0219i s\u0103 fie sfin\u021bit\u0103 biserica cu<br \/>\nhramul Sf. Alexandru, patronul voievodului.<\/p>\n<h2>\nPrima<br \/>\nsec\u021bie pentru ciuma\u021bi<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\nNu<br \/>\nera singurul domn care a realizat importan\u021ba unui spital unde<br \/>\nbolnavii de cium\u0103 s\u0103 fie trata\u021bi omene\u0219te. \u00cen anul 1735, Grigore<br \/>\nGhica a cerut construirea unui spital la Pantelimon care avea o<br \/>\nsec\u021bie special\u0103 pentru cei care se \u00eemboln\u0103veau de cium\u0103. George<br \/>\nPotra citeaz\u0103 inclusiv hrisovul din 12 octombrie 1735 unde se spune:<br \/>\n\u201eAm socotit s\u0103 zidesc si s\u0103 \u00eenal\u021b din temelie o sf\u00e2nt\u0103 \u0219i<br \/>\ndumnezeiasc\u0103 cas\u0103, unde \u0219i spital de s\u0103raci bolnavi s\u0103 fie, \u00eens\u0103<br \/>\nnu numai de bolnavi ce ar p\u0103timi de alte boli trupe\u0219ti, ci de<br \/>\nbolnavi cari din dep\u0103rtarea lui Dumnezeu ar p\u0103timi de boala<br \/>\nciumii\u201c. \u00cen privin\u021ba sec\u021biei pentru ciuma\u021bi, el spune c\u0103<i> \u201eam<br \/>\nhot\u0103r\u00eet domnia mea s\u0103 li se fac\u0103 ni\u0219te case acolea aproape,<br \/>\nl\u00eeng\u0103 \u00eengr\u0103di\u0219ul spitalului, la un loc din afar\u0103, ca s\u0103 fie<br \/>\n\u00eentr-\u00eensele bolnavi, ca aceia de boala ciumii, p\u0103zindu-se ca la un<br \/>\nlazaret s\u0103 nu se amestice cu bolnavii cei din\u0103untru ce ar fi<br \/>\np\u0103tima\u0219i de alte boale\u201c.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\nNu<br \/>\na apucat s\u0103-l vad\u0103 terminat, pentru c\u0103 a ajuns domn la Ia\u0219i,<br \/>\nl\u0103s\u00e2ndu-l pe mitropolitul \u0218tefan s\u0103-i termine lucrarea. \u00cens\u0103<br \/>\nnoul domn al Moldovei a \u00eenfiin\u021bat breasla cioclilor, iar apoi \u0219i<br \/>\nla Bucure\u0219ti, \u00een ultimul an din cea de a doua domnie a sa, \u00een<br \/>\n1752.<i> \u201eEl fixeaz\u0103 la 20 num\u0103rul cioclilor, pu\u0219i sub conducerea<br \/>\nunui c\u0103pitan, numit mai t\u00eerziu polcovnic de ciocli, \u0219i le<br \/>\nhot\u0103r\u0103\u0219te atribu\u021biile: \u00eengrijirea ciuma\u021bilor, ridicarea \u0219i<br \/>\ntransportarea la spital, izolarea, dezinfectarea caselor, cercetarea<br \/>\nmahalalelor spre a g\u0103si pe bolnavii ascun\u0219i \u0219i \u00eengroparea lor;<br \/>\n\u00eentre ciocli erau si muieri poslu\u0219nice la partea femeiasc\u0103 \u0219i la<br \/>\ncopii si fete\u201c.<\/i> Cioclii aveau la dispozi\u021bie o c\u0103ru\u021b\u0103 cu doi<br \/>\ncai, \u00eenvelit\u0103 cu un coviltir, \u00een care transportau bolnavii la<br \/>\nspital. \u00cen schimbul acestui serviciu, primeau trei taleri pe lun\u0103<br \/>\n\u0219i erau scuti\u021bi de d\u0103ri.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\u201eAu<br \/>\nmurit p\u00e2n\u0103 la 300 de oameni pe zi\u201c<\/h2>\n<p>\nCel<br \/>\nmai devastator val de cium\u0103 de pe teritoriul rom\u00e2nesc a izbucnit la<br \/>\nscurt\u0103 vreme de la desc\u0103lecarea lui Caragea cu alai domnesc la<br \/>\nSf\u00e2ntul Spiridon cel Nou din Podul Beilicului, Calea \u0218erban Vod\u0103<br \/>\nde mai t\u00e2rziu. Urcarea sa pe tron a fost de r\u0103u augur. Chiar \u00een<br \/>\nnoaptea instal\u0103rii, palatul domnesc de la Mihai-Vod\u0103 din Dealul<br \/>\nSpirii a ars p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een temelie, iar a doua zi, pe 13 decembrie, s-a<br \/>\nivit ciuma \u00eentre oamenii Cur\u021bii veni\u021bi cu Vod\u0103 de la \u0162arigrad,<br \/>\nscrie eminentul matematician \u0219i diplomat Ion Ghica \u00een volumul<br \/>\n\u201eScrisori c\u0103tre Vasile Alecsandri\u201c. <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"related-inline svelte-78g0vl\" data-gtrack=\"{&quot;event&quot;:&quot;utm_click&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;event_category&quot;:&quot;article_related&quot;}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-locale\/constanta\/cele-mai-cumplite-pandemii-din-istorie-explicate-2011231.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span class=\"inline-title svelte-78g0vl\">Cele mai cumplite pandemii din istorie, explicate de medicul Sylvia Hoi\u015fie: \u201eAu omor\u00e2t mai mul\u0163i oameni dec\u00e2t r\u0103zboiul\u201c<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"container-image  svelte-1xbw4f3\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-2\/2274ae07-9ffc-441f-8f42-d34b9f90625f\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D1400%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp 1400w\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption svelte-1xbw4f3\"><span class=\"captionText svelte-1xbw4f3\">Ion Vod\u0103 Caragea <span class=\"source svelte-1xbw4f3\">Foto: Wikipedia<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Cu men\u021biunea c\u0103 ambele<br \/>\ndezastre au avut loc la date diferite, respectiv Curtea Veche a ars<br \/>\n\u00een noaptea de 22 decembrie 1812, iar molima s-a declan\u0219at \u00een iunie<br \/>\n1813, m\u0103rturiile sale sunt importante peste vreme, put\u00e2ndu-ne da<br \/>\nseama cum a schimbat via\u021ba rom\u00e2nilor acelor timpuri o astfel de<br \/>\nepidemie. <i>\u201eAu murit p\u00e2n\u0103 la 300 de oameni pe zi \u015fi se crede c\u0103<br \/>\nnum\u0103rul mor\u021bilor \u00een toat\u0103 \u0163ara a fost mai mare de 90.000.<br \/>\nContagiunea era a\u015fa de primejdioas\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t cel mai mic contact cu<br \/>\no cas\u0103 molipsit\u0103 ducea moartea \u00eentr-o familie \u00eentreag\u0103, \u015fi<br \/>\nviolen\u0163a era a\u015fa de mare, \u00eenc\u00e2t un om lovit de cium\u0103 era un om<br \/>\nmort<\/i>\u201c, descria Ghica cum ar\u0103ta Bucure\u0219tiul acelor timpuri.<\/p>\n<p>\nEpidemia<br \/>\nsc\u0103pase de sub control, starea sanitar\u0103 a popula\u021biei era precar\u0103,<br \/>\niar autorit\u0103\u021bile vremii nu erau preg\u0103tite nici s\u0103 \u00eengroape<br \/>\nat\u00e2tea victime. \u00cen disperarea de a st\u00e2rpi c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd aceast\u0103<br \/>\nmolim\u0103, se ajungea la situa\u021bii de-a dreptul halucinante, c\u00e2nd cei<br \/>\ninfecta\u021bi erau uci\u0219i pe loc, iar \u00een gropile comune erau arunca\u021bi<br \/>\nde-a valma mor\u021bi \u0219i vii, bolnavi sau s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i. Iat\u0103 cum descrie<br \/>\nel acest fapt: \u201e<i>Rareori bolnavul ajungea cu via\u021b\u0103 la c\u00e2mpul<br \/>\nciuma\u021bilor. De multe ori o m\u0103ciuc\u0103 peste cap f\u0103cea \u00eentr-o clip\u0103<br \/>\nceea ce era s\u0103 fac\u0103 boala \u00een dou\u0103-trei zile!&#8230; \u015ei poate c\u0103<br \/>\nacei uci\u015fi astfel erau mai pu\u0163in de pl\u00e2ns, c\u0103ci mai mult erau de<br \/>\njale acei arunca\u021bi vii \u00een c\u00e2mp, f\u0103r\u0103 a\u0219ternut \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103<br \/>\nacoper\u0103m\u00e2nt, pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt ud \u0219i \u00eenghe\u021bat. Cale de jum\u0103tate de<br \/>\nceas se auzeau \u021bipetele \u0219i vaietele nenoroci\u021bilor din c\u00e2mpul<br \/>\nDude\u0219tilor!\u201c.<\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"container-image  svelte-1xbw4f3\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-c\/c6f9a40a-a6c1-4f3b-9bcb-795c2dc44a7d\/index.webp?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D1400%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp 1400w\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption svelte-1xbw4f3\"><span class=\"captionText svelte-1xbw4f3\">Ciuma a fost o molim\u0103 care a f\u0103cur ravagii \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103 <span class=\"source svelte-1xbw4f3\">Foto: Wikipedia<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\nMult\u0103<br \/>\nvreme, cioclii au f\u0103cut legea. Ei decideau cine e l\u0103sat s\u0103<br \/>\ntr\u0103iasc\u0103 \u0219i cine era \u00eengropat de viu. Ba, mai mult, Ghica<br \/>\ndezv\u0103luie c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd treceau pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 o cas\u0103 bogat\u0103,<br \/>\naruncau \u00een curte zdren\u021be rupte de pe cadavrele celor mor\u021bi de<br \/>\ncium\u0103 pentru a-i \u00eemboln\u0103vi \u0219i pe ace\u0219tia. Abia atunci c\u00e2nd<br \/>\nciuma\u021bii au prins mai mul\u021bi ciocli \u0219i i-au omor\u00e2t cu parul,<br \/>\nautoritatea lor s-a stins \u0219i, \u00een timpul controlului pe la cur\u021bile<br \/>\noamenilor, ace\u0219tia erau \u00eentov\u0103r\u0103\u0219i\u021bi de v\u0103t\u0103\u0219ei, care f\u0103ceau<br \/>\nparte din Comisia sanitar\u0103, \u00eenfiin\u021bat\u0103 de Caragea, dup\u0103 ce a<br \/>\naflat de abuzurile cioclilor. Ace\u0219tia mergeau din cas\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103 \u0219i<br \/>\n\u00eentrebau: \u201e<i>S\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i, copii?<\/i>\u201c. Tot Ghica este cel care<br \/>\naminte\u0219te c\u0103 \u00eentr-un raport c\u0103tre superiorul s\u0103u, un cioclu<br \/>\nspunea: \u201e<i>Azi am adunat 15 mor\u021bi, dar n-am putut \u00eengropa dec\u00e2t<br \/>\n14, fiindc\u0103 unul a fugit \u015fi nu l-am putut prinde\u201c.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>\nT\u00e2rgul<br \/>\npustiu<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u00cen<br \/>\nurma lor, c\u00e2inii urlau a pustiu, iar casele ale c\u0103ror proprietari<br \/>\nmuriser\u0103 erau jefuite p\u00e2n\u0103 la tencuial\u0103. Primii care furau erau<br \/>\ncioclii, care, dup\u0103 ce luau cadavrele mor\u021bilor \u0219i le aruncau \u00een<br \/>\ncarele care porneau spre Dude\u015fti sau spre Cioplea, unde erau<br \/>\n\u00eengropa\u021bi, luau ce g\u0103seau: de la bani la argint\u0103rii \u0219i<br \/>\nceasornice. Mul\u021bi al\u021bii au profitat de molim\u0103 \u0219i s-au \u00eembog\u0103\u021bit:<br \/>\n\u201eMulte averi \u015fi case mari s-au ridicat \u00een Bucure\u0219ti dup\u0103 ciuma<br \/>\nlui Caragea din sculele \u015fi banii bie\u021bilor bolnavi\u201c, spunea Ghica.<br \/>\n\u00cen tot acest timp, Caragea \u0219i Curtea sa au p\u0103r\u0103sit Bucure\u0219tiul<br \/>\n\u0219i s-au refugiat la M\u0103n\u0103stirea Cotroceni \u0219i apoi la Ciorog\u00e2rla.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0218i<br \/>\npopula\u021bia fugea care-\u00eencotro. <i>\u201eS\u0103 sparse ora\u0219ul \u0219i s\u0103 duser\u0103<br \/>\ncare \u00eencotro le-au v\u0103zut ochii. \u0218i r\u0103mase t\u00e2rgul pustiu. \u00cencotro<br \/>\nascultai, aceasta s\u0103 auzia: P\u0103zi\u021bi, la o parte, c\u0103 vin cioclii cu<br \/>\nmor\u021bii, c\u00e2te opt, c\u00e2te zece, unul peste altul mor\u021bi \u0219i cei<br \/>\nzdre\u021bui\u021bi dup\u0103 car\u0103, la ordine (lazaret) cu copila\u0219ii pl\u00e2ng\u00e2nd.<br \/>\n\u015ei-i c\u0103ra de prin toate mahalalele p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd n-avea ce le mai<br \/>\nface \u0219i sta pre uli\u021be mor\u021bi. Unde intra molima, din zece sc\u0103pa<br \/>\nunul sau doi, la alte locuri, nici unul\u201c,<\/i> nota cronicarul Ioan<br \/>\nDobrescu.<\/p>\n<p>\nCifrele<br \/>\nmor\u021bilor nu se cunosc cu exactitate, \u00eentruc\u00e2t nu to\u021bi mor\u021bii<br \/>\nerau consemna\u021bi. Dup\u0103 cronicarul muntean Dionisie Fotino, au murit<br \/>\naproximativ 70.000 de oameni, \u00een timp ce cronicarul Ioan Dobrescu<br \/>\nnoteaz\u0103 20.000 de decese numai \u00een Bucure\u0219ti. Renumitul bacteriolog<br \/>\nVictor Babe\u0219 afirma \u00een lucrarea \u201e\u0218apte conferinte publice\u201c c\u0103<br \/>\nepidemia de cium\u0103 a f\u0103cut peste 30.000 de victime doar \u00een<br \/>\nBucure\u0219ti. La acea vreme, ora\u0219ul num\u0103ra 80.000 de locuitori.<\/p>\n<h2>\nIORGA,<br \/>\n\u201eadus cu convoiu rusesc\u201c<br \/>\n\u00een<br \/>\ncomitetul de cium\u0103<br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>\nCiuma<br \/>\na reizbucnit \u00een 1828. \u0218tiind ce-i a\u0219teapt\u0103, boierii \u0219i str\u0103inii<br \/>\nau fugit din Bucure\u0219ti care unde a nimerit. Atunci au murit de<br \/>\nmolim\u0103 \u0219i ambii p\u0103rin\u021bi ai lui Ion Heliade R\u0103dulescu. <i>\u201eAbia pe<br \/>\nla \u00eenceputul lui Decembre 1828 s\u2019au ivit cele dint\u00e2iu simptome,<br \/>\n\u0219i at\u00e2t de tare s\u2019a aprins focul, \u00eenc\u00e2t \u00een lunile viitoare,<br \/>\nIanuar \u0219i Februar 1829 muriau cu sutele, \u0219i poate \u0219i miile,<br \/>\noamenii, str\u0103ini \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2nteni; \u0219i lumea \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2ntat\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i<br \/>\np\u0103r\u0103sia casele \u0219i averea \u0219i fugia care \u00eencotro ca s\u0103 scape.<br \/>\nOra\u0219ele \u0219i satele se pustiiser\u0103 \u0219i alte adun\u0103turi de oameni nu<br \/>\nerau dec\u00e2t lazarete de ciuma\u021bi, iar prin t\u00e2rguri nu vedeai dec\u00e2t<br \/>\nr\u0103sboli\u021bi de cium\u0103 \u0219i ciocli\u201c<\/i>, descria Nicolae Iorga molima de<br \/>\ncium\u0103 din acei ani.\n<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"related-inline svelte-78g0vl\" data-gtrack=\"{&quot;event&quot;:&quot;utm_click&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;event_category&quot;:&quot;article_related&quot;}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-interne\/societate\/povestea-medicului-care-a-infiintat-serviciul-de-2551268.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span class=\"inline-title svelte-78g0vl\">Povestea medicului care a \u00eenfiin\u021bat Serviciul de Salvare din Rom\u00e2nia \u0219i a deschis primul spital: \u201eMerge\u0163i repede, dar s\u0103 nu omor\u00e2\u0163i to\u0163i caii\u201c<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\nMai<br \/>\ndeparte, \u00een memoriile publicate \u00een Analele Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, el<br \/>\ndezv\u0103luie c\u0103 a fost numit membru la comitetul de cium\u0103 \u00een<br \/>\nFoc\u0219ani. De fapt, a fost obligat. <i>\u201eCe numit?!, adus cu convoiu<br \/>\nrusesc \u0219i pus \u00een sil\u0103! \u2013 am avut prilej a face mai multe<br \/>\nobserva\u021bii. Str\u0103ini, mai mul\u021bi solda\u021bii cu gr\u0103mada c\u0103deau, iar<br \/>\nJidovii se potopiau, \u0219i aceasta pentru necur\u0103\u021benia cea mare \u0219i<br \/>\nne\u0219tiin\u021ba de a se p\u0103zi de acest flagel. Dar au murit \u0219i din<br \/>\nlocalnici foarte mul\u021bi, pentru c\u0103 nu era chip de a face vreo paz\u0103,<br \/>\nchiar de ai fi voit, dup\u0103 ce toate casele aveau du\u0219i \u00een cvartire<br \/>\n\u0219i erau apururea \u00een contact cu d\u00e2n\u0219ii. Dealtfel, precum<br \/>\nlocalnicii erau deprin\u0219i la aceast\u0103 boal\u0103, pentru c\u0103, introdus\u0103<br \/>\n\u00een \u021b\u0103ri \u00eenc\u0103 de la 1813, devenise oarecum endemic\u0103, \u0219tiau a<br \/>\nlua m\u0103surile cuvenite, \u0219i pu\u021bine ravagii f\u0103cea, \u0219i poate \u0219i<br \/>\nacum ar fi sc\u0103pat mai u\u0219or, dac\u0103 s\u2019ar fi luat m\u0103surile<br \/>\ncuvenite, at\u00e2t de guvernele \u021b\u0103rilor, cum \u0219i de comandirii<br \/>\no\u0219tilor. Dar tocmai ace\u0219ti din urm\u0103 se \u00eend\u0103r\u0103pnau a propaga<br \/>\nr\u0103ul. Apucaser\u0103 s\u0103 zic\u0103 c\u0103 nu-i cium\u0103 \u0219i, nu \u0219tiu, ori pentru<br \/>\nca s\u0103 \u00een\u0219ele pe \u00eemp\u0103ratul, sau pentru cazuri politice, o numiau<br \/>\nboal\u0103 lipicioas\u0103, \u0219i vai de aceia ce cutezau a demonstra c\u0103-i<br \/>\nadev\u0103rat\u0103 cium\u0103, c\u0103 pe dat\u0103 c\u0103deau \u00een urgie! Iancu C\u0103linescu<br \/>\n\u0219i mul\u021bi al\u021bii au fost horopsi\u021bi \u0219i exila\u021bi numai pentru<br \/>\nfranche\u021ba lor, \u0219i to\u021bi ceilal\u021bi dela guverne au trebuit s\u0103 plece<br \/>\ncapul \u0219i s\u0103 tac\u0103. Atunci speran\u021b\u0103 de m\u00e2ntuire nu mai era.<br \/>\nContactul cu Ru\u0219ii, sau prin cvartiruri, sau prin felurite<br \/>\n\u00eens\u0103rcin\u0103ri, \u0219i mai cu sam\u0103 prin multiplele corvee, care aduceau<br \/>\npe \u021b\u0103rani de la satele cele mai dep\u0103rtate cu transporturi de<br \/>\nprovizii pentru o\u0219ti \u0219i lemne pentru spitaluri, era a\u0219a \u00eenc\u00e2t nu<br \/>\nse putea a nu se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi ciuma pretutindene\u201c.<\/i><\/p>\n<div class=\"container-image  svelte-1xbw4f3\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-f\/f1df6df0-3ed4-434a-adae-648f950db9cb\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D1400%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp 1400w\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption svelte-1xbw4f3\"><span class=\"captionText svelte-1xbw4f3\">Bolnavi aduna\u021bi de pe str\u0103zile ora\u0219elor <span class=\"source svelte-1xbw4f3\">Foto: Wikipedia<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n\u00cen<br \/>\nmai 1829 s-a \u00eenfiin\u021bat o comisie pentru cercetarea bolnavilor,<br \/>\ncompus\u0103 din 16 membri. La sf\u00e2r\u0219it, cinci dintre ei muriser\u0103 de<br \/>\ncium\u0103. Nici nu avea cum altfel, de vreme ce ei aveau misiunea s\u0103 \u00eei<br \/>\ndescopere pe cei bolnavi \u0219i s\u0103 ia m\u0103suri de izolare \u0219i de<br \/>\ndezinfectare. George Potra spune c\u0103 o mare contribu\u021bie la st\u00e2rpirea<br \/>\nbolii au avut-o \u0219i medicii militari ru\u0219i din armata de ocupa\u021bie a<br \/>\nBucure\u0219tiului, \u0219i medicul Constantin Estiotu care s-a \u00eemboln\u0103vit<br \/>\nla r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, dar care s-a vindecat. Nu a sc\u0103pat \u00eens\u0103 generalul<br \/>\nPiotr Jeltuhin, comandantul trupelor ruse\u0219ti din Principate, al\u0103turi<br \/>\nde alte mii de victime: peste 26.000 de civili \u0219i aproximativ 10.000<br \/>\nde militari.<\/p>\n<p>\nGeneralul<br \/>\nPavel Kiseleff, \u00eenlocuitorul s\u0103u, a luat m\u0103suri urgente pentru<br \/>\nst\u00e2rpirea ciumei. 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