{"id":2171725,"date":"2026-09-29T22:00:25","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T19:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2171725"},"modified":"2026-09-29T22:00:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T19:00:25","slug":"industria-de-aparare-a-ucrainei-primeste-o-a-doua-sansa-ce-fel-de-tara-va-construi-ea-in-urmatorul-deceniu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2171725","title":{"rendered":"Industria de ap\u0103rare a Ucrainei prime\u0219te o a doua \u0219ans\u0103. Ce fel de \u021bar\u0103 va construi ea \u00een urm\u0103torul deceniu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-2\/2bd8e8f4-5b8e-4c89-a217-ae4ffc52d8c9\/index.jpeg?p=f%3Djpeg%26w%3D1200%26h%3D630%26r%3Dcover&#8221;]<\/p>\n<article class=\"svelte-x63bga\">\n<nav>\n<ul class=\"breadcrump svelte-1pk9a69\">\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/\" title=\"Adev\u0103rul\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">\u0218tiri Externe<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/europa\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">Europa<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/europa\/industria-de-aparare-a-ucrainei-primeste-o-a-doua-2560648.html\" class=\"svelte-1pk9a69\">Industria de ap\u0103rare a Ucrainei prime\u0219te o a doua \u0219ans\u0103. Ce fel de \u021bar\u0103 va construi ea \u00een urm\u0103torul deceniu?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<p><main class=\"svelte-x63bga\"><\/p>\n<p>Ucraina \u00ee\u0219i construie\u0219te a doua oar\u0103 industria de ap\u0103rare, de data aceasta de jos \u00een sus, cu bani priva\u021bi \u0219i \u00een concuren\u021b\u0103 deschis\u0103. Kyiv Independent avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u021bara se afl\u0103 la cinci r\u0103scruci care vor decide dac\u0103 industria militar\u0103 va deveni motor al economiei sau va r\u0103m\u00e2ne, ca \u00een epoca sovietic\u0103, un circuit \u00eenchis, dependent de comenzile statului.<\/p>\n<div class=\"container-image  svelte-1xbw4f3\"><source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-2\/2bd8e8f4-5b8e-4c89-a217-ae4ffc52d8c9\/index.jpeg?p=a%3D1%26co%3D1.05%26w%3D1400%26h%3D750%26r%3Dcontain%26f%3Dwebp 1400w\" media=\"(min-width: 1400px)\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"caption svelte-1xbw4f3\"><span class=\"captionText svelte-1xbw4f3\">Ucraina construie\u0219te rachete Flamingo \u00eentr-o fabric\u0103 subtaran\u0103\/FOTO:Profimedia <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u00cen 1991, Ucraina a mo\u0219tenit al doilea mare complex industrial de ap\u0103rare al Uniunii Sovietice. Aproape o treime din industria spa\u021bial\u0103 sovietic\u0103 se afla pe teritoriul ei, iar sistemul angaja milioane de oameni. \u00centr-o genera\u021bie, o mare parte din aceast\u0103 capacitate a disp\u0103rut. \u00cen 2014, armata care se ap\u0103ra \u00een fa\u021ba primei invazii ruse\u0219ti depindea \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de voluntari.<\/p>\n<p>Acum, Ucraina \u00ee\u0219i construie\u0219te industria de ap\u0103rare a doua oar\u0103, invers fa\u021b\u0103 de modelul sovietic: de jos \u00een sus, cu bani priva\u021bi \u0219i \u00een concuren\u021b\u0103 deschis\u0103. Potrivit unui studiu al Defense Builder \u0219i al Institutului KSE, sectorul, dominat \u00eenainte de invazia la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 de \u00eentreprinderi de stat, num\u0103r\u0103 acum peste 1.000 de companii. Firmele private asigur\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 90% din activitatea din produc\u021bia de drone. \u00cen 2025, industria a produs bunuri \u00een valoare de 13,1 miliarde de dolari, cu 31% mai mult dec\u00e2t \u00een anul precedent. Statul estimeaz\u0103 capacitatea sectorului la zeci de miliarde de dolari.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centrebarea esen\u021bial\u0103 este ce fel de Ucraina va crea aceast\u0103 industrie peste zece ani. Publica\u021bia descrie dou\u0103 scenarii. \u00cen primul, industria de ap\u0103rare devine \u201er\u0103d\u0103cina\u201d din care cre\u0219te o economie tehnologic\u0103, a\u0219a cum s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat \u00een SUA, \u00een Israel sau \u00een Coreea de Sud. \u00cen al doilea, care aminte\u0219te de trecutul sovietic, complexul militar r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eenchis \u0219i dispare c\u00e2nd pia\u021ba se deschide. Autorul arat\u0103 c\u0103, dup\u0103 1991, nicio linie civil\u0103 a complexului de ap\u0103rare nu a devenit o industrie capabil\u0103 s\u0103 supravie\u021buiasc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 comenzi de sus.<\/p>\n<h2>Cinci r\u0103scruci<\/h2>\n<h2>1. Circuit \u00eenchis sau transfer c\u0103tre economia civil\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Tehnologiile ucrainene comunica\u021bii, robotic\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103zboi electronic pot avea aplica\u021bii \u00een agricultur\u0103 sau \u00een industria spa\u021bial\u0103, dar acest transfer trebuie construit prin reguli privind proprietatea intelectual\u0103, educa\u021bie \u0219i mecanisme de dubl\u0103 utilizare.  \u00cenchiderea sectorului \u201edin motive de securitate\u201d ar repeta traiectoria sovietic\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Autarhie sau deschidere<\/h2>\n<p>Japonia \u0219i-a interzis exporturile de armament, iar industria ei s-a ofilit din cauza seriilor mici \u0219i a costurilor mari. Coreea de Sud \u0219i Turcia au mizat de la \u00eenceput pe export. Ucraina a fost peste patru ani \u00een autarhie for\u021bat\u0103. La \u00eenceputul lui iulie, guvernul a formalizat un mecanism de export controlat, deschis doar celor care satisfac mai \u00eent\u00e2i nevoile armatei ucrainene. Potrivit estim\u0103rii preliminare a KSE, au fost lansate 156 de parteneriate interna\u021bionale \u00een domeniul ap\u0103r\u0103rii, dar un sfert dintre ele s-au blocat deja.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Competi\u021bie sau consolidare impus\u0103 de sus<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen 1993, Pentagonul le-a cerut \u0219efilor marilor contractori s\u0103 fuzioneze, iar industria american\u0103 a ajuns la cinci gigan\u021bi. Fostul secretar al Ap\u0103r\u0103rii William Perry, care a g\u0103zduit \u201eUltima cin\u0103\u201d, a recunoscut ulterior c\u0103 experimentul a fost un e\u0219ec: concuren\u021ba a disp\u0103rut, pre\u021burile au crescut, iar inova\u021bia a \u00eencetinit. Ucraina merge pe principiul opus, cu proceduri de achizi\u021bii deschise, la care concureaz\u0103 sute de produc\u0103tori.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Tot sau specializare<\/h2>\n<p>Israelul a renun\u021bat \u00een 1987 la programul avionului de lupt\u0103 Lavi, printr-un vot decisiv \u00een guvern, \u0219i a canalizat resursele spre domenii \u00een care a devenit lider. Autorul spune c\u0103 \u0219i Ucraina va trebui s\u0103 spun\u0103 deschis ce nu va construi. Avantajele ei sunt, \u00een opinia lui, sistemele f\u0103r\u0103 pilot \u00een toate domeniile, r\u0103zboiul electronic \u0219i, mai ales, datele de lupt\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"related-inline svelte-78g0vl\" data-gtrack=\"{&quot;event&quot;:&quot;utm_click&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;event_category&quot;:&quot;article_related&quot;}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/rusia\/vladimir-putin-majoreaza-impozitele-pentru-cei-2560498.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span class=\"inline-title svelte-78g0vl\">Vladimir Putin majoreaz\u0103 impozitele pentru cei boga\u021bi pentru a-\u0219i finan\u021ba r\u0103zboiul<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>5. Insul\u0103 sau arhipelag<\/h2>\n<p>Industria de ap\u0103rare a Coreei de Sud s-a dezvoltat al\u0103turi de construc\u021biile navale, auto \u0219i electronic\u0103. Autorul afirm\u0103 c\u0103 sectorul fie atrage dup\u0103 el componente, ma\u0219ini-unelte, educa\u021bie tehnic\u0103 \u0219i pie\u021be de capital, fie r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u201eo insul\u0103 \u00een oceanul altcuiva\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Aceste r\u0103scruci vor trebui traversate prin institu\u021bii: reguli, educa\u021bie, standarde, instrumente financiare \u0219i infrastructur\u0103 de validare. \u201eIstoria ofer\u0103 rar o a doua \u0219ans\u0103\u201d, conchide autorul.<\/p>\n<p>UE a aprobat cinci proiecte majore de ap\u0103rare, iar Ucraina particip\u0103 la patru dintre ele<\/p>\n<p>Ucraina ar putea beneficia \u0219i de banii Uniunii Europene. Consiliul UE a aprobat, pe 28 septembrie, planurile pentru cinci proiecte la nivelul \u00eentregului bloc, menite s\u0103 consolideze capacit\u0103\u021bile de ap\u0103rare ale Europei. Ucraina particip\u0103 la patru dintre ele. Singura excep\u021bie este proiectul spa\u021bial.<\/p>\n<p>Comisia European\u0103 a propus proiectele \u00een iulie, pentru a acoperi lacunele din domenii-cheie: ap\u0103rarea antiaerian\u0103, securitatea maritim\u0103, spa\u021biul, capacit\u0103\u021bile de drone \u0219i anti-drone \u0219i securitatea de-a lungul flancului estic. Mini\u0219trii ap\u0103r\u0103rii din UE au sus\u021binut planul pe 28 septembrie, dup\u0103 ce ambasadorii statelor membre \u00eel aprobaser\u0103 pe 16 septembrie.<\/p>\n<p>\u201e<i>Aceste proiecte demonstreaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o dat\u0103 cooperarea practic\u0103 dintre statele membre ale UE pentru propria noastr\u0103 securitate<\/i>\u201d, a declarat ministrul irlandez de Externe \u0219i Ap\u0103rare, Helen McEntee, a c\u0103rei \u021bar\u0103 de\u021bine pre\u0219edin\u021bia prin rota\u021bie a Consiliului UE. \u201e\u00cempreun\u0103 cu partenerii no\u0219tri, Norvegia \u0219i Ucraina, facem pa\u0219i hot\u0103r\u00e2\u021bi pentru a proteja spa\u021biul, cerul, m\u0103rile, cablurile submarine \u0219i cet\u0103\u021benii care depind de ele.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2>Drone \u0219i ap\u0103rare antiaerian\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Primul proiect, numit DECODER, este dedicat \u00een \u00eentregime tehnologiilor de drone \u0219i anti-drone, domeniu \u00een care se a\u0219teapt\u0103 ca Ucraina s\u0103 joace un rol important. La el particip\u0103 toate statele UE, cu excep\u021bia Maltei, care este neutr\u0103. Costul estimat este de 3,5-5,5 miliarde de euro (4-6 miliarde de dolari), ceea ce \u00eel face cel mai ieftin dintre cele cinci. Banii vor finan\u021ba o re\u021bea de centre tehnologice pentru testare \u0219i inovare \u0219i vor \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi interoperabilitatea.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"related-inline svelte-78g0vl\" data-gtrack=\"{&quot;event&quot;:&quot;utm_click&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;event_category&quot;:&quot;article_related&quot;}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/rusia\/atacurile-masive-cu-drone-ale-rusiei-au-un-scop-2560507.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><span class=\"inline-title svelte-78g0vl\">Atacurile masive cu drone ale Rusiei au un scop: capitularea Ucrainei p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prim\u0103vara lui 2027, apreciaz\u0103 ISW<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pentru Ucraina este probabil mai important proiectul de ap\u0103rare antiaerian\u0103 \u0219i antirachet\u0103 (EU-FIAMD), estimat la 55-80 de miliarde de euro (63-92 de miliarde de dolari) p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2040. Ucraina este lider mondial \u00een r\u0103zboiul cu drone, dar sl\u0103biciunea ei r\u0103m\u00e2ne ap\u0103rarea \u00eempotriva rachetelor balistice. Kievul \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 acopere rapid aceast\u0103 lacun\u0103, \u00een timp ce se preg\u0103te\u0219te pentru un nou val de atacuri cu rachete \u00een aceast\u0103 iarn\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Mare, spa\u021biu \u0219i flancul estic<\/h2>\n<p>Proiectul de ap\u0103rare maritim\u0103 \u0219i a fundului m\u0103rii prevede reunirea personalului militar \u0219i civil \u0219i a dronelor pentru supravegherea infrastructurii marine: conducte de combustibil, turbine eoliene \u0219i cabluri de internet. Oficiali occidentali \u0219i-au exprimat \u00eengrijorarea fa\u021b\u0103 de presupuse ac\u021biuni de sabotaj sus\u021binute de Moscova \u00eempotriva infrastructurii submarine europene, mai ales \u00een Marea Baltic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Cel mai costisitor proiect este Eastern Flank Watch (\u201eSupravegherea flancului estic\u201d), estimat la 60-100 de miliarde de euro (69-115 miliarde de dolari) p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2036. Spre deosebire de celelalte, el nu este organizat pe domenii de lupt\u0103, ci este limitat geografic. Propunerea sus\u021bine totu\u0219i c\u0103 \u201ebeneficiaz\u0103 toate statele membre \u00eempotriva unor amenin\u021b\u0103ri concrete la adresa securit\u0103\u021bii\u201d \u0219i \u201epoate fi extins la alte zone de interes\u201d. Bruxelles-ul a anun\u021bat proiectul \u00een octombrie 2025, la c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni dup\u0103 o incursiune a unei drone ruse\u0219ti \u00een spa\u021biul aerian al Poloniei.<\/p>\n<p><\/main><\/p>\n<footer class=\"svelte-x63bga\">\n<div class=\"related-wrap related-footer svelte-78g0vl\"><span class=\"related-label svelte-78g0vl\">Cite\u0219te \u0219i<\/span><a class=\"related svelte-78g0vl\" data-gtrack=\"{&quot;event&quot;:&quot;utm_click&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;event_category&quot;:&quot;article_related&quot;}}\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/europa\/estonia-acuza-rusia-ca-a-ordonat-incendierea-unei-2560581.html\" title=\"Alt articol de interes pentru tine\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb svelte-78g0vl\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-6\/6fab0684-5b7f-4a1a-b232-e99e511a8231\/index.jpeg?p=f%3Dwebp%26w%3D120%26h%3D80%26r%3Dcover%26a%3D0\" alt loading=\"lazy\" width=\"80\" height=\"54\"><span class=\"title svelte-78g0vl\">Estonia acuz\u0103 Rusia c\u0103 a ordonat incendierea unei companii care produce echipamente pentru Ucraina<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"meta svelte-x63bga\">\n<div class=\"authors svelte-x63bga\"><span class=\"names svelte-x63bga\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/author\/647\" rel=\"author\" class=\"svelte-x63bga\">Viorica Marin<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"_hydratable\" data-props=\"%7B%22showLive%22%3Atrue%7D\" data-context=\"%7B%22parentBlockColumnCount%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A0%2C%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%2C%22parentBlockBackgroundColor%22%3A%7B%22type%22%3A%22store%2Freadable%22%7D%7D\" data-component=\"ShareButton\">\n<div class=\"shareButtons svelte-itwbrr\">\n<div class=\"liveSessions metaFont svelte-1maxmbf\"><span class=\"value svelte-1maxmbf\">1<\/span> live <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tags svelte-1l3vwp1\"><span class=\"tags-label metaFont svelte-1l3vwp1\">Cite\u0219te mai multe despre<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tags-list svelte-1l3vwp1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/tag\/ucraina\" title=\"Ultimele \u0219tiri despre ucraina\" class=\"tag-pill svelte-1l3vwp1\">ucraina<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/tag\/drone\" title=\"Ultimele \u0219tiri despre drone\" class=\"tag-pill svelte-1l3vwp1\">drone<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/tag\/ap%C4%83rare%20antiaerian%C4%83\" title=\"Ultimele \u0219tiri despre ap\u0103rare antiaerian\u0103\" class=\"tag-pill svelte-1l3vwp1\">ap\u0103rare antiaerian\u0103<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/tag\/industrie%20de%20ap%C4%83rare\" title=\"Ultimele \u0219tiri despre industrie de ap\u0103rare\" class=\"tag-pill svelte-1l3vwp1\">industrie de ap\u0103rare<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"moreFromCategory svelte-x63bga\" href=\"https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/europa\" title=\"Europa\">Mai multe din <strong class=\"svelte-x63bga\">Europa<\/strong> \u203a<\/a><\/footer>\n<\/article>\n<p>[analyse_source url=&#8221;https:\/\/adevarul.ro\/stiri-externe\/europa\/industria-de-aparare-a-ucrainei-primeste-o-a-doua-2560648.html&#8221;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/cdn.adh.reperio.news\/image-2\/2bd8e8f4-5b8e-4c89-a217-ae4ffc52d8c9\/index.jpeg?p=f%3Djpeg%26w%3D1200%26h%3D630%26r%3Dcover&#8221;] Home \u0218tiri Externe Europa Industria de ap\u0103rare a Ucrainei prime\u0219te o a doua \u0219ans\u0103. Ce fel de \u021bar\u0103 va construi ea \u00een urm\u0103torul deceniu? Ucraina \u00ee\u0219i construie\u0219te a doua oar\u0103 industria de ap\u0103rare, de data aceasta de jos \u00een sus, cu bani priva\u021bi \u0219i \u00een concuren\u021b\u0103 deschis\u0103. Kyiv Independent avertizeaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u021bara [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[19,226],"class_list":["post-2171725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-romania","tag-adevarul","tag-crawlmanager"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2171725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2171725"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2171725\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2171725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2171725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2171725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}