{"id":2053497,"date":"2026-07-21T09:49:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-21T06:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2053497"},"modified":"2026-07-21T09:49:55","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T06:49:55","slug":"one-in-five-eu-jobs-classed-as-vulnerable-and-spain-tops-the-list-report-says","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2053497","title":{"rendered":"One in five EU jobs classed as vulnerable and Spain tops the list, report says"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/45\/67\/1200x675_cmsv2_e1c18f12-e7b1-543b-9d8a-80ac4fc21ea2-9844567.jpg&#8221;]<\/p>\n<article id=\"abe-2911176-pos1-c-latest-stories\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1 the-media-object--has-video\" data-nid=\"2911176\" data-cid=\"9844118\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911176-label-pos1-c-latest-stories\" 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src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/48\/40\/189x106_cmsv2_e98caed8-3a4a-5761-ba30-b6dd91a874a8-9844840.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Argentina&apos;s Nicol\u00e1s Otamendi and Nahuel Molina clash with Spain&apos;s Rodri (16) after the World Cup final between Spain and Argentina in New Jersey.\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Sport<\/p>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    FIFA investigates Argentina over World Cup final incidents\n  <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2911443-pos3-c-latest-stories\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2911443\" data-cid=\"9845328\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911443-label-pos3-c-latest-stories\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/53\/28\/189x106_cmsv2_e0d358ce-2bee-52e2-9952-8acb8b04725c-9845328.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Riyadh Air&apos;s cabin design features shades of purple throughout, as well as nods to the sand dunes of Saudi Arabia\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Moments<\/p>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    I flew on the world\u2019s newest airline \u2013 here\u2019s what it was like\n  <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2911433-pos4-c-latest-stories\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2911433\" data-cid=\"9845345\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911433-label-pos4-c-latest-stories\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/52\/69\/189x106_cmsv2_859300f4-fe5a-50c6-939f-6bf437d5a62b-9845269.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"President Donald Trump walks over to stand next to Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, left, for the group photo during the NATO summit in Ankara, Turkey.\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Europe News<\/p>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Journalist behind Trump-Meloni row Daniele Compatangelo dies suddenly\n  <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2911176-pos1-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-2 m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2 the-media-object--has-video\" data-nid=\"2911176\" data-cid=\"9844118\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911176-label-pos1-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/41\/18\/189x106_cmsv2_a7d08b2b-844b-5430-803d-649a5beb7351-9844118.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Theatro Ventidio Basso in Ascoli Piceno, Italy\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Culture news<\/p>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Historic Italian theatres vying for UNESCO&#8217;s World Heritage status\n  <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2911341-pos2-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-2 m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2\" data-nid=\"2911341\" data-cid=\"9844858\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911341-label-pos2-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/48\/40\/189x106_cmsv2_e98caed8-3a4a-5761-ba30-b6dd91a874a8-9844840.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Argentina&apos;s Nicol\u00e1s Otamendi and Nahuel Molina clash with Spain&apos;s Rodri (16) after the World Cup final between Spain and Argentina in New Jersey.\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Sport<\/p>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    FIFA investigates Argentina over World Cup final incidents\n  <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2911443-pos3-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-2 m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2\" data-nid=\"2911443\" data-cid=\"9845328\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911443-label-pos3-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/53\/28\/189x106_cmsv2_e0d358ce-2bee-52e2-9952-8acb8b04725c-9845328.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Riyadh Air&apos;s cabin design features shades of purple throughout, as well as nods to the sand dunes of Saudi Arabia\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Moments<\/p>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    I flew on the world\u2019s newest airline \u2013 here\u2019s what it was like\n  <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2911433-pos4-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-2 m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2\" data-nid=\"2911433\" data-cid=\"9845345\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911433-label-pos4-c-latest-stories-sidebar\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/52\/69\/189x106_cmsv2_859300f4-fe5a-50c6-939f-6bf437d5a62b-9845269.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"President Donald Trump walks over to stand next to Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, left, for the group photo during the NATO summit in Ankara, Turkey.\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Europe News<\/p>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Journalist behind Trump-Meloni row Daniele Compatangelo dies suddenly\n  <\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"helper-site-row o-article-newsy\">\n<div class=\"helper-site-container o-article-newsy__container\">\n<div class=\"o-article-newsy__main\">\n<header class=\"h-grid o-article-newsy__main__header\">\n<nav aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\" class=\"c-article-breadcrumbs\">\n<div id=\"adb-article-breadcrumb\" class=\"c-article-breadcrumbs__list\">\n<p>                          Business<\/p>\n<p>                          Economy<\/p><\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<h1 class=\"c-article-redesign-title\">\n                            One in five EU jobs classed as vulnerable and Spain tops the list, report says<\/h1>\n<div class=\"c-article-image-video u-position-relative \">\n<div class=\"js-superdiv u-aspect-ratio-16x9 u-position-relative \" data-sponsored=\"Partner content\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"js-poster-img c-article-media__img\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/45\/67\/1536x864_cmsv2_e1c18f12-e7b1-543b-9d8a-80ac4fc21ea2-9844567.jpg\" width=\"1536\" height=\"864\" loading=\"eager\" alt=\"Construction workers work on a street during a hot day in Madrid, Spain, 27 May 2026\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"c-article-caption u-position-absolute\"><i id=\"article-caption-content\" class=\"c-article-caption__content\"><span class=\"c-article-caption__text\"><br \/>\n              Construction workers work on a street during a hot day in Madrid, Spain, 27 May 2026<br \/>\n                    <span class=\"u-color-white\">&#8211;\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c-article-caption__copyright\">Copyright\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"c-article-caption__credit\">AP Photo\/Manu Fernandez<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"c-article-image-copyright c-article-image-copyright--novideo\">\n      Copyright\u00a0AP Photo\/Manu Fernandez\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"h-grid o-article-newsy__main__body u-article-content\">\n<div class=\"o-article-newsy__contributors-publication-date\">\n<div class=\"c-article-contributors\">\n  By&amp;nbspQuirino Mealha\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-article-publication-date\" data-timestamp=\"1784627395\">\n         Published on<br \/>\n            <time datetime=\"2026-07-21 11:49:55 +02:00\">21\/07\/2026 &#8211; 11:49 GMT+2<\/time><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-article-share-comment u-align-items-center u-display-flex\"><span class=\"c-article-share-comment__links u-align-items-center u-display-flex u-justify-content-center js-c-article-share-comment-share\"><span class=\"c-article-share-comment__label\">Share<\/span><\/span><span class=\"c-article-share-comment__label\">Comments<\/span><span 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loading=\"lazy\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"c-article-summary\">\n        Close to one in five jobs in the European Union qualifies as vulnerable on at least one of three counts, inadequate pay, insecure employment or a lack of workplace rights, according to a new report from Eurofound, which places Spain at the top of the table.<br \/>\n    <\/h2>\n<div class=\"c-article-content c-article-content--business js-article-content\">\n<p>&#8220;A multidimensional phenomenon encompassing income inadequacy, employment insecurity and lack of workplace rights,&#8221; is how Eurofound defines employment vulnerability for living and working conditions.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"c-ad u-show-for-mobile-only\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__placeholder\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-ad__placeholder__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt loading=\"lazy\"><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-ad u-show-for-desktop\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__placeholder\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-ad__placeholder__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt loading=\"lazy\"><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In its latest report, the tripartite EU agency providing knowledge to assist in the development of better social, employment and work-related policies, found that 18.8% of jobs across the EU, close to one in five, fell below the bar on at least one of those definitional dimensions in 2021, the most recent year with comparable income data.<\/p>\n<p>However, the direction of the trend is encouraging.<\/p>\n<p>Vulnerability climbed from 21.4% in 2009 to 23.8% in 2014 in the wake of the financial crisis, driven by a surge in involuntary temporary and part-time work, before declining steadily from 2016 onwards to below its pre-crisis level.<\/p>\n<p>That chimes with the agency&#8217;s overview of its 2024 working conditions survey, published in April, which reported gradually improving job quality in Europe alongside persistent divides.<\/p>\n<h2>A very uneven map<\/h2>\n<p>Spain has the highest vulnerability rate at 29%, followed by Portugal and Luxembourg at 25% and Italy at 24%, while Hungary (17%), Malta and Bulgaria (both 18%) record the lowest levels.<\/p>\n<p>Data from 2021 is unavailable for Cyprus, Czechia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Sweden, therefore those countries were excluded from the study.<\/p>\n<p>The nature of the problem differs as much as its scale. <\/p>\n<p>In continental countries such as Germany and Austria, and across central and eastern Europe, low pay is the dominant driver, accounting for nearly three quarters of vulnerability in Bulgaria in the report&#8217;s 2019 breakdown. <\/p>\n<p>Elsewhere the culprit is insecurity as involuntary temporary and part-time work dominates in Mediterranean and Nordic states, and contributes 56% of the total in Ireland, the highest share in the EU. <\/p>\n<p>Luxembourg&#8217;s surprising position near the top reflects the fact that pay is measured against each country&#8217;s own median income.<\/p>\n<h2>Who carries the risk<\/h2>\n<p>Women, young workers, migrants, Roma, people with disabilities and LGBT+ individuals are all disproportionately likely to hold vulnerable jobs, held back by discrimination, care responsibilities and, for migrants, legal hurdles and unrecognised qualifications. <\/p>\n<p>Education offers powerful protection. <\/p>\n<p>For example, in Hungary, 58% of workers with low levels of education are vulnerable against just 6% of graduates. <\/p>\n<p>So does time, as each additional year in the labour market cuts the risk by one percentage point, roughly 20% over a 20-year career. <\/p>\n<p>Youth vulnerability can be striking, with 59% of young Danish workers vulnerable in 2015 against 11% of adults, although in Nordic countries it is largely a transitory phase on the way to stable jobs.<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-widget-related\" data-stories-id data-event=\"widget_related\">\n<div class=\"c-widget-related__title\"><b class=\"c-widget-related__title__text\" lang=\"en\">Related<\/b><\/div>\n<ul class=\"c-widget-related__list\">\n<li class=\"c-widget-related__item\">Spain jobless total falls below 2.3 million for first time since January 2008<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-widget-related__item\">US job growth plummets as eurozone unemployment holds at record low<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2>The cost of stacking disadvantages<\/h2>\n<p>Vulnerability in a single dimension is not a sentence to a bad working life, and such employees sometimes report better outcomes than their secure colleagues, on work intensity for instance. <\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It is the accumulation of multiple vulnerabilities that consistently leads to negative outcomes,&#8221; the report finds, listing poorer prospects, limited access to training, less autonomy and unpredictable earnings. <\/p>\n<p>The toll is mental rather than physical as highly vulnerable workers show higher rates of anxiety and depression, even though they are less likely to report work-related stress. <\/p>\n<p>Although that reads counterintuitively, it is precisely what the survey data show, and the report presents both findings without attempting to reconcile them as the causes for that increase in anxiety and depression are evidently not work-related.<\/p>\n<p>With the European Commission&#8217;s Quality Jobs Act under consultation, Eurofound argues that flexibility must be preserved without letting atypical work erode standards, and that rules are only as good as the labour inspectorates enforcing them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>                                  Go to accessibility shortcuts<\/p>\n<div class=\"c-article-share-comment u-align-items-center u-display-flex\"><span class=\"c-article-share-comment__links u-align-items-center u-display-flex u-justify-content-center js-c-article-share-comment-share\"><span class=\"c-article-share-comment__label\">Share<\/span><\/span><span class=\"c-article-share-comment__label\">Comments<\/span><span class=\"c-article-share-comment__label c-article-share-comment__label--always\">Add Euronews on Google<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"adb-article-you-might-also-like\" class=\"perf-cv-auto c-article-you-might-also-like\">\n<h2 class=\"c-article-you-might-also-like__title\">\n        Read more<br \/>\n      <\/h2>\n<div class=\"c-article-you-might-also-like__container\">\n<article id=\"abe-2910562-pos0-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2910562\" data-cid=\"9841649\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2910562-label-pos0-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/16\/49\/480x270_cmsv2_cb985e68-7159-5f25-bcb1-f0c29facc8e5-9841649.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"President of the European Central Bank Christine Lagarde addresses the media during a press conference in Frankfurt, Germany, 11 June 2026\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Economy<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Eurozone inflation at 2.8%: Will it be enough for the ECB to pause?<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2910536-pos1-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2910536\" data-cid=\"9841463\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2910536-label-pos1-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/14\/63\/480x270_cmsv2_ada1aa86-625c-50f3-ac7f-678db575e6fe-9841463.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"BlackRock headquarters in New York, Feb. 2006\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Business<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    BlackRock tops $15tn: Where does the financial giant put it all?<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2910593-pos2-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2910593\" data-cid=\"9841732\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2910593-label-pos2-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/17\/32\/480x270_cmsv2_1fb5ed8a-5739-56a2-bb23-f1c8323dbe6a-9841732.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"File - The UniCredit bank logo is seen on the bank&apos;s headquarters in downtown Milan, Italy, Sunday, 5 October 2008 \" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Economy<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    EU unveils banking reforms to unlock billions in investment<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"perf-cv-auto\">\n<ul id=\"adb-article-tags\" class=\"c-tags-list\">\n<li class=\"c-tags-list__item\">\n<section class=\"tc-cta\" data-twig-component=\"Cta-default\">\n  Spain<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-tags-list__item\">\n<section class=\"tc-cta\" data-twig-component=\"Cta-default\">\n  Jobs<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-tags-list__item\">\n<section class=\"tc-cta\" data-twig-component=\"Cta-default\">\n  Unemployment<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-tags-list__item\">\n<section class=\"tc-cta\" data-twig-component=\"Cta-default\">\n  European Union<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-tags-list__item\">\n<section class=\"tc-cta\" data-twig-component=\"Cta-default\">\n  European economy<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"c-tags-list__item\">\n<section class=\"tc-cta\" data-twig-component=\"Cta-default\">\n  Euronews Compare<br \/>\n<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"o-article-newsy__aside\">\n<div class=\"c-ad-wrapper o-article-newsy__aside__content-1\" data-ad-name=\"adzone-halfpage\">\n<div class=\"c-ad c-ad-halfpage u-show-for-desktop\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__placeholder\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-ad__placeholder__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-ad u-show-for-mobile-only\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__placeholder\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-ad__placeholder__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"adb-article-top-stories\" class=\"perf-cv-auto c-top-stories\">\n<h2 class=\"c-top-stories__title\">Top stories<\/h2>\n<div class=\"c-top-stories__item\">\n<article id=\"abe-2911368-pos2-top-stories\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-2 m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2 the-media-object--no-label\" data-nid=\"2911368\" data-cid=\"9844955\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911368-label-pos2-top-stories\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/49\/55\/320x180_cmsv2_171dd482-d70f-51c0-a3e4-acc5e77ce01b-9844955.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Orange-clad people celebrate King&apos;s Day in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Thursday, April 27, 2023. The Netherlands celebrated the 56th birthday of King Willem-Alexander of the House\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Where are Europe&#8217;s households most indebted? 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disputes over autos<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-top-stories__item\">\n<article id=\"abe-2911165-pos4-top-stories\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-2 m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2 the-media-object--no-label\" data-nid=\"2911165\" data-cid=\"9844058\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2911165-label-pos4-top-stories\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/37\/11\/320x180_cmsv2_48c2f2c0-d186-55bb-964a-3852460d58db-9843711.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Spain&apos;s Rodri kisses the trophy as Spain celebrates after winning the World Cup final, New York, 19 July 2026\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    What is Spain&#8217;s World Cup victory actually worth to the economy?<br \/>\n  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u-show-for-desktop\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__placeholder\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-ad__placeholder__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-ad u-show-for-mobile-only\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__placeholder\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-ad__placeholder__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"perf-cv-auto c-most-viewed\">\n<h2 class=\"c-most-viewed__title qa-section-title\">Most read<\/h2>\n<div class=\"c-most-viewed__list\">\n<div class=\"c-most-viewed__item\"><span class=\"c-most-viewed__item__number\">1<\/span><\/p>\n<article id=\"abe-2910961-pos1-mostViewed\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-3 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src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"c-ad u-show-for-mobile-only\">\n<div class=\"c-ad__placeholder\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"c-ad__placeholder__logo\" src=\"https:\/\/static.euronews.com\/website\/images\/logos\/logo-euronews-stacked-outlined-72x72-grey-9.svg\" width=\"72\" height=\"72\" alt><span>ADVERTISEMENT<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2910562-pos0-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2910562\" data-cid=\"9841649\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2910562-label-pos0-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/16\/49\/480x270_cmsv2_cb985e68-7159-5f25-bcb1-f0c29facc8e5-9841649.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"President of the European Central Bank Christine Lagarde addresses the media during a press conference in Frankfurt, Germany, 11 June 2026\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Economy<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Eurozone inflation at 2.8%: Will it be enough for the ECB to pause?<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2910536-pos1-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2910536\" data-cid=\"9841463\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2910536-label-pos1-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/14\/63\/480x270_cmsv2_ada1aa86-625c-50f3-ac7f-678db575e6fe-9841463.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"BlackRock headquarters in New York, Feb. 2006\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n                    Business<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    BlackRock tops $15tn: Where does the financial giant put it all?<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2910593-pos2-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-1 m-modeDesktop-1 m-modeXL-1\" data-nid=\"2910593\" data-cid=\"9841732\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2910593-label-pos2-c-article-you-might-also-like__item\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/17\/32\/480x270_cmsv2_1fb5ed8a-5739-56a2-bb23-f1c8323dbe6a-9841732.jpg\" 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Netherlands, Thursday, April 27, 2023. The Netherlands celebrated the 56th birthday of King Willem-Alexander of the House\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Where are Europe&#8217;s households most indebted? 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m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2 the-media-object--no-label\" data-nid=\"2910562\" data-cid=\"9841649\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<figure id=\"abe-2910562-label-pos5-top-stories\" class=\"the-media-object__figure\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"the-media-object__image\" src=\"https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/16\/49\/320x180_cmsv2_cb985e68-7159-5f25-bcb1-f0c29facc8e5-9841649.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"President of the European Central Bank Christine Lagarde addresses the media during a press conference in Frankfurt, Germany, 11 June 2026\" height=\"9\" width=\"16\"><\/figure>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Eurozone inflation at 2.8%: Will it be enough for the ECB to pause?<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2911157-pos6-top-stories\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-2 m-modeDesktop-2 m-modeXL-2 the-media-object--no-label\" data-nid=\"2911157\" data-cid=\"9844000\" 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m-modeXL-3 the-media-object--no-label\" data-nid=\"2907892\" data-cid=\"9828224\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Dubai&#8217;s new startup campus wants to be the front door for founders<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<div class=\"the-media-object__quote\">Partner content presented by <strong>Dubai Chamber of Digital Economy<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article id=\"abe-2910562-pos5-mostViewed\" class=\"the-media-object m-modeMobile-3 m-modeDesktop-3 m-modeXL-3 the-media-object--has-related the-media-object--no-label\" data-nid=\"2910562\" data-cid=\"9841649\" data-part-label=\"Partner content\">\n<div class=\"the-media-object__content\">\n<h3 class=\"the-media-object__title  \">\n<p>    Eurozone inflation at 2.8%: Will it be enough for the ECB to pause?<br \/>\n  <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"articleBody\" data-key=\"articleBody\">&#8220;A multidimensional phenomenon encompassing income inadequacy, employment insecurity and lack of workplace rights,&#8221; is how Eurofound defines employment vulnerability for living and working conditions.In its latest report, the tripartite EU agency providing knowledge to assist in the development of better social, employment and work-related policies, found that 18.8% of jobs across the EU, close to one in five, fell below the bar on at least one of those definitional dimensions in 2021, the most recent year with comparable income data.However, the direction of the trend is encouraging.Vulnerability climbed from 21.4% in 2009 to 23.8% in 2014 in the wake of the financial crisis, driven by a surge in involuntary temporary and part-time work, before declining steadily from 2016 onwards to below its pre-crisis level.That chimes with the agency&#8217;s overview of its 2024 working conditions survey, published in April, which reported gradually improving job quality in Europe alongside persistent divides.A very uneven mapSpain has the highest vulnerability rate at 29%, followed by Portugal and Luxembourg at 25% and Italy at 24%, while Hungary (17%), Malta and Bulgaria (both 18%) record the lowest levels.Data from 2021 is unavailable for Cyprus, Czechia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Sweden, therefore those countries were excluded from the study.The nature of the problem differs as much as its scale.In continental countries such as Germany and Austria, and across central and eastern Europe, low pay is the dominant driver, accounting for nearly three quarters of vulnerability in Bulgaria in the report&#8217;s 2019 breakdown.Elsewhere the culprit is insecurity as involuntary temporary and part-time work dominates in Mediterranean and Nordic states, and contributes 56% of the total in Ireland, the highest share in the EU.Luxembourg&#8217;s surprising position near the top reflects the fact that pay is measured against each country&#8217;s own median income.Who carries the riskWomen, young workers, migrants, Roma, people with disabilities and LGBT+ individuals are all disproportionately likely to hold vulnerable jobs, held back by discrimination, care responsibilities and, for migrants, legal hurdles and unrecognised qualifications.Education offers powerful protection.For example, in Hungary, 58% of workers with low levels of education are vulnerable against just 6% of graduates.So does time, as each additional year in the labour market cuts the risk by one percentage point, roughly 20% over a 20-year career.Youth vulnerability can be striking, with 59% of young Danish workers vulnerable in 2015 against 11% of adults, although in Nordic countries it is largely a transitory phase on the way to stable jobs.The cost of stacking disadvantagesVulnerability in a single dimension is not a sentence to a bad working life, and such employees sometimes report better outcomes than their secure colleagues, on work intensity for instance.&#8221;It is the accumulation of multiple vulnerabilities that consistently leads to negative outcomes,&#8221; the report finds, listing poorer prospects, limited access to training, less autonomy and unpredictable earnings.The toll is mental rather than physical as highly vulnerable workers show higher rates of anxiety and depression, even though they are less likely to report work-related stress.Although that reads counterintuitively, it is precisely what the survey data show, and the report presents both findings without attempting to reconcile them as the causes for that increase in anxiety and depression are evidently not work-related.With the European Commission&#8217;s Quality Jobs Act under consultation, Eurofound argues that flexibility must be preserved without letting atypical work erode standards, and that rules are only as good as the labour inspectorates enforcing them.<\/div>\n<p>[analyse_source url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/business\/2026\/07\/21\/one-in-five-eu-jobs-classed-as-vulnerable-and-spain-tops-the-list-report-says&#8221;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/images.euronews.com\/articles\/stories\/09\/84\/45\/67\/1200x675_cmsv2_e1c18f12-e7b1-543b-9d8a-80ac4fc21ea2-9844567.jpg&#8221;] Culture news Historic Italian theatres vying for UNESCO&#8217;s World Heritage status Sport FIFA investigates Argentina over World Cup final incidents Moments I flew on the world\u2019s newest airline \u2013 here\u2019s what it was like Europe News Journalist behind Trump-Meloni row Daniele Compatangelo dies suddenly Culture news Historic Italian theatres vying for UNESCO&#8217;s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[226,36],"class_list":["post-2053497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-international","tag-crawlmanager","tag-euronews-com"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2053497"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2053497\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2053497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2053497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2053497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}