{"id":2035410,"date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2035410"},"modified":"2026-07-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T21:00:00","slug":"video-astazi-despre-voievodul-sfant-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-care-a-luptat-cu-paganii-si-a-ctitorit-44-de-biserici-pleca-in-urma-cu-522-de-ani-lasand-moldova-in-baza-unui-testament-dramatic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2035410","title":{"rendered":"VIDEO | Ast\u0103zi despre voievodul sf\u00e2nt: \u0218tefan cel Mare, viteazul care a luptat cu p\u0103g\u00e2nii \u015fi a ctitorit 44 de biserici: Pleca \u00een urm\u0103 cu 522 de ani, l\u0103s\u00e2nd Moldova \u00een baza unui testament dramatic \u201e&#8230;urma\u0219ilor urma\u0219ilor urma\u0219ilor no\u0219tri\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/_\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\/mediaPool\/uGCAXLT.PNG&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"main-content detaliu-articol\"><a class=\"titlu-cat-list\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\">Timp Liber<\/a><\/p>\n<h1>VIDEO | Ast\u0103zi despre voievodul sf\u00e2nt: \u0218tefan cel Mare, viteazul care a luptat cu p\u0103g\u00e2nii \u015fi a ctitorit 44 de biserici: Pleca \u00een urm\u0103 cu 522 de ani, l\u0103s\u00e2nd Moldova \u00een baza unui testament dramatic \u201e&#8230;urma\u0219ilor urma\u0219ilor urma\u0219ilor no\u0219tri\u201d<\/h1>\n<div class=\"date-articol clearfix\">\n<div class=\"distribuie-articol dropdown\">\n    Distribuie: \u00a0<br \/>\n    <em>|<\/em><\/div>\n<div class=\"autor-articol\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/autor\/ziarul-de-vrancea\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-circle\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/50_50\/articleAuthor\/ziarul-de-vrancea\/articleAuthor\/uMPfPxc.jpg\" alt><\/a><\/p>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/autor\/ziarul-de-vrancea\/\">Ziarul de Vrancea<\/a><\/h5>\n<div class=\"grup-spatiere\"><span class=\"cu-spatiere\"> 2 iul 2026<\/span><span class=\"cu-spatiere\">7652 vizualiz\u0103ri<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"poza-mare\"><a href class=\"openGallery\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-responsive\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/850_530\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\/article\/mediaPool\/uGCAXLT.PNG\" alt><\/a><\/div>\n<p><strong>Ast\u0103zi despre \u0218tefan cel Mare: viteazul domnitor al Moldovei, care sub domnia sa a avut atunci o perioad\u0103 de maxim\u0103 \u00eenflorire. \u00cenconjurat de trei adversari redutabili (Ungaria, Polonia \u015fi Imperiul Otoman) i-a \u00eenfr\u00e2nt pe to\u021bi \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lii dramatice. <\/strong><br \/>\nTezaurul pe care \u015etefan cel Mare l-a l\u0103sat crestin\u0103t\u0103\u0163tii, se pare c\u0103<br \/>\nnu a mai fost egalat de nimeni, nici pe plan local \u015fi nici pe plan<br \/>\neuropean: 44 de biserici \u015fi m\u0103n\u0103stiri, carora le-a imprimat propriul<br \/>\nstil arhitectonic\n<\/p>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder height=\"560\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uXCF2PXIspM\" width=\"100%\"><\/iframe>\n<p>\u201e\u2013 Eu v\u0103 las \u00een grija mare<\/p>\n<p>A lui Dumnezeu cel Sf\u00e2nt,<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 stati straj\u0103 la hotare,<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 p\u0103zi\u0163i acest p\u0103m\u00e2nt!<\/p>\n<p>\u015ei de ve\u0163i vedea c\u0103 vine<\/p>\n<p>Vreun du\u015fman nes\u0103buit,<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 striga\u0163i atunci la mine,<\/p>\n<p>Voi s\u0103ri \u015fi din morm\u00e2nt!<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.versuri.ro\/w\/nl57<\/p>\n<p>Toti copii Romaniei<\/p>\n<p>sunt din nemul lui Traian<\/p>\n<p>Si in fiecare suflet,<\/p>\n<p>se mai naste un Stefan<\/p>\n<p>Jos in vale sus pe creste,<\/p>\n<p>Tuturora dati de veste<\/p>\n<p>Stefan Voda al Moldovei,<\/p>\n<p>Stefan Voda mai traieste<\/p>\n<div>\u2013 Eu v\u0103 las \u00een grija mare<\/p>\n<p>A lui Dumnezeu cel Sf\u00e2nt,<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 stati straj\u0103 la hotare, (bis)<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 p\u0103zi\u0163i acest p\u0103m\u00e2nt!<\/p>\n<p>\u015ei de ve\u0163i vedea c\u0103 vine<\/p>\n<p>Vreun du\u015fman nes\u0103buit,<\/p>\n<p>S\u0103 striga\u0163i atunci la mine,<\/p>\n<p>Voi s\u0103ri \u015fi din morm\u00e2nt!<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.versuri.ro\/w\/nl57<\/p>\n<p>Toti copii Romaniei<\/p>\n<p>sunt din nemul lui Traian<\/p>\n<p>Si in fiecare suflet, (bis)<\/p>\n<p>se mai naste un Stefan<\/p>\n<p>Jos in vale sus pe creste,<\/p>\n<p>Tuturora dati de veste<\/p>\n<p>Stefan Voda al Moldovei, (bis)<\/p>\n<p>Stefan Voda mai traieste<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\nhttps:\/\/www.versuri.ro\/versuri\/manastirea-putna-cand-a-fost-sa-moara-stefan\/<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-embed\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder height=\"560\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uXCF2PXIspM\" width=\"100%\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"video-embed\">https:\/\/www.versuri.ro\/versuri\/manastirea-putna-cand-a-fost-sa-moara-stefan\/<\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-embed\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder height=\"560\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/io9CrAhJMtE\" width=\"100%\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>\u0218tefan cel Mare a murit la 2 iulie 1504\u00a0\u00een urma infect\u0103rii unei r\u0103ni mai vechi, fiind \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Putna\" title=\"M\u0103n\u0103stirea Putna\">M\u0103n\u0103stirea Putna<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><em>Lui \u0218tefan cel Mare rom\u00e2nul \u00eei atribuie tot ce-i pare curios, mare, vitejesc \u0219i chiar ne\u00een\u021beles \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2ntul nostru. Orice cetate, orice zid, orice val, orice \u0219an\u021b, \u00eentreab\u0103-l cine le-au f\u0103cut; el \u00ee\u021bi va r\u0103spunde: \u0218tefan cel Mare. Orice pod, orice biseric\u0103, orice f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103, orice curte sau palat vechi, el le va raporta eroului s\u0103u. Orice bun\u0103tate, orice a\u0219ez\u0103m\u00e2nt a c\u0103ruia r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021be se mai tr\u0103g\u0103neaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi, orice legiuire omineasc\u0103, orice puneri la cale \u00een\u021b\u0103lepte \u0218tefan vod\u0103 le-au urzit, \u00ee\u021bi va zice el, \u0219i iar \u0218tefan vod\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00cen sf\u00e2r\u0219it, acest domn, pentru moldoveni rezum\u0103 toate faptele istorice, toate monumentele, toate ispr\u0103vile \u0219i institu\u021biile f\u0103cute \u00een cinci veacuri, de at\u00e2\u021bia st\u0103p\u00e2nitori.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>_______ Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, <em>\u0218tefan cel Mare<\/em><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-16\">[16]<\/a>:p. 195<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u201e<em>O, b\u0103rbat minunat, cu nimic mai prejos dec\u00e2t comandan\u021bii eroici pe care at\u00e2ta \u00eei admir\u0103m, care \u00een vremea noastr\u0103 a c\u00e2\u0219tigat, cel dint\u00e2i dintre principii lumii, o biruin\u021b\u0103 at\u00e2t de str\u0103lucit\u0103 asupra turcului! Dup\u0103 credin\u021ba mea, el este cel mai vrednic s\u0103 i se \u00eencredin\u021beze conducerea \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nirea lumii, \u0219i mai cu seam\u0103 cinstea de c\u0103petenie \u0219i conduc\u0103tor \u00eempotriva turcului, cu sfatul, \u00een\u021belegerea \u0219i hot\u0103r\u00e2rea tuturor cre\u0219tinilor, de vreme ce ceilal\u021bi regi \u0219i principi catolici se \u00eendeletnicesc cu tr\u00e2nd\u0103via \u0219i pl\u0103cerile ori cu r\u0103zboaiele civile<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Acest elogiu \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rat, \u00eembin\u00e2nd admira\u021bia, \u00eencrederea \u0219i respectul, a ie\u0219it de sub pana unui vestit cronicar polon, Jan D\u0142ugosz (1415 &#8211; 1480), sub impresia victoriei de la Vaslui (10 ianuarie 1475); el exprima, \u00eens\u0103, cu certitudine, \u00een partea noastr\u0103 de Europ\u0103, o credin\u021b\u0103 general\u0103, pe care politica de p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci a principelui Moldovei o justifica \u0219i care se \u00eentemeia pe speran\u021ba \u00eencheg\u0103rii unei coali\u021bii de mari propor\u021bii, \u00een fa\u021ba c\u0103reia cuceritorul Constantinopolului s\u0103 bat\u0103 \u00een retragere. Evolu\u021bia evenimentelor nu a adus, \u00eens\u0103, \u00eemplinirea unei speran\u021be. \u00cen aceste \u00eemprejur\u0103ri, al c\u0103ror dramatism e greu de \u00een\u021beles \u0219i de retr\u0103it ast\u0103zi, Moldova \u0219i principele ei \u00ee\u0219i aflaser\u0103 locul \u00een prima linie a lupt\u0103torilor, a celor care aderau, cu mai mult\u0103 sau mai pu\u021bin\u0103 \u00eensufle\u021bire, la ideea unei cruciade. Locul acesta, cu totul deosebit pentru un principe ortodox, \u00eel avea \u00een vedere papa Sixt IV atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eel numea pe \u0218tefan al Moldovei atlet al credin\u021bei cre\u0219tine \u0219i \u00een temeiul lui propunea cronicarului polon s\u0103 se \u00eencredin\u021beze acestui principe misiunea de imperator et dux contra Turcum.(stefancelmare.ro)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Accederea la tron<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceputul lunii aprilie 1457, \u0218tefan a intrat \u00een Moldova, \u00eenaint\u00e2nd spre Suceava, de-a lungul v\u0103ii <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A2ul_Siret\" title=\"R\u00e2ul Siret\">Siretului<\/a>. Era \u00eenso\u021bit de o armat\u0103 de circa \u0219ase mii de oameni, din care un corp de o mie de <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munteni\" title=\"Munteni\">munteni<\/a> oferit de <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vlad_%C8%9Aepe%C8%99\" title=\"Vlad \u021aepe\u0219\">Vlad \u021aepe\u0219<\/a>, iar restul moldoveni din <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%9Aara_de_Jos\" title=\"\u021aara de Jos\">\u021aara de Jos<\/a>. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 13<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Cronica-17\">[17]<\/a>:p. 59<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Petru Aron a fost surprins de aceast\u0103 ac\u021biune, reu\u0219ind s\u0103 str\u00e2ng\u0103 \u00een grab\u0103 o armat\u0103 cu care l-a atacat pe \u0218tefan la Dolje\u0219ti, pe Siret, la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/12_aprilie\" title=\"12 aprilie\">12 aprilie<\/a>. Petru Aron a fost \u00eenvins \u0219i a p\u0103r\u0103sit c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103. A \u00eencercat o nou\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orbic\" title=\"Orbic\">Orbic<\/a>, la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14_aprilie\" title=\"14 aprilie\">14 aprilie<\/a>, \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joia_Mare\" title=\"Joia Mare\">Joia Mare<\/a> a anului 1457, dar a fost din nou \u00eenf\u00e2nt \u0219i silit s\u0103 ia calea exilului, \u00een Polonia.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 54<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u201e\u00cen anul cum se socote\u0219te de la na\u0219terea lui Christos 1457, \u00een luna lui aprilie, \u00een s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na mare dinaintea Pa\u0219tilor, veni Stefan Vod\u0103, fiul lui Bogdan Vod\u0103, cu o mic\u0103 oaste. \u0218i venir\u0103 asupra lor Aron Vod\u0103 la un p\u0103r\u0103u sau ap\u0103 cu numele Hreasca, la Dolje\u0219ti. A\u0219a, goni \u0218tefan Vod\u0103 pe Aron Vod\u0103 din \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103mase \u00eensu\u0219i domn prin silnicie.\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Cronica-17\">[17]<\/a>:p. 59<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_____ <em>Cronica lui \u0218tefan cel Mare<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Despre locul exact al luptei au existat mai multe variante vehiculate de-a lungul vremii. Majoritatea istoricilor (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolae_Iorga\" title=\"Nicolae Iorga\">Nicolae Iorga<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constantin_C._Giurescu\" title=\"Constantin C. Giurescu\">Constantin C. Giurescu<\/a>, Ilie Minea Minea \u0219.a.) au propus ca loc al b\u0103t\u0103liei localitatea <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolje%C8%99ti,_Neam%C8%9B\" title=\"Dolje\u0219ti, Neam\u021b\">Dolje\u0219ti<\/a>, de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Roman, pornind de la relat\u0103rile cronicilor moldovene\u0219ti. <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A._D._Xenopol\" title=\"A. D. Xenopol\">A. D. Xenopol<\/a>, pornind de la o versiune a letopise\u021bului lui Grigore Ureche, a presupus c\u0103 lupta a avut loc la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jolde%C8%99ti,_Boto%C8%99ani\" title=\"Jolde\u0219ti, Boto\u0219ani\">Jolde\u0219ti<\/a>, \u00een \u021binutul Boto\u0219ani.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 13<\/sup> Cea mai plauzibil\u0103 pare a fi cea a lui <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexandru_I._Gon%C8%9Ba\" title=\"Alexandru I. Gon\u021ba\">Alexandru I. Gon\u021ba<\/a>, care identific\u0103 drept loc al b\u0103t\u0103liei localitatea <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolhe%C8%99tii_Mari,_Suceava\" title=\"Dolhe\u0219tii Mari, Suceava\">Dolhe\u0219ti<\/a>, de pe valea r\u00e2ului <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A2ul_%C8%98omuzul_Mare\" title=\"R\u00e2ul \u0218omuzul Mare\">\u0218omuzul Mare<\/a>, pornind de la toponimul men\u021bionat \u00een cronica german\u0103 &#8211; <em>Dolschecht<\/em>, dar lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare c\u0103 acest sat apar\u021binea surorii sale, c\u0103s\u0103torit\u0103 cu <em>\u0218endrea<\/em>, viitorul <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portar_(dreg%C4%83tor)\" title=\"Portar (dreg\u0103tor)\">portar al Sucevei<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tigarea b\u0103t\u0103liilor \u0219i alungarea lui Petru Aron, \u0218tefan va organiza o mare ceremonie public\u0103 de \u00eencoronare, \u00eentr-un loc numit <em>Direptate<\/em>, pe valea Siretului.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eDeciia \u0218tefan vod\u0103 str\u00e2ns-au boierii \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i mari \u0219i mici \u0219i alt\u0103 curte m\u0103runt\u0103 dimpreun\u0103 cu mitropolitul Theoctistu \u0219i cu mul\u021bi c\u0103lug\u0103ri, la locul ce s\u0103 chiam\u0103 Direptatea \u0219i i-au intrebatu pre to\u021bi: este-le cu voie tuturor s\u0103 le fie domnu\u00a0? Ei cu to\u021bii au strigat \u00eentr-un glas: \u201c\u00cen mul\u021bi ani de la Dumnezeu sa domne\u0219ti\u201d. \u0218i decii cu to\u021bii l-au r\u0103dicatu domnu \u0219i l-au pom\u0103zuitu spre domnie mitropolitul Theoctistu. \u0218i de acolea luo \u0218tefan vod\u0103 steagul \u021b\u0103r\u00e2i Moldovei \u0219i s\u0103 duse la scaunul Sucevii.\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Ureche-1\">[1]<\/a>:p. 35<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_____ Grigore Ureche, <em>Letopise\u021bul \u021a\u0103rii Moldovei<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Politica intern\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Consolidarea bazei politico-sociale<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Politica dus\u0103 de \u0218tefan cel Mare pe plan intern de-a lungul domniei avea ca scop principal consolidarea puterii centrale a domnului \u0219i asigurarea lini\u0219tii sociale. \u00cen acest sens, principalele direc\u021bii de ac\u021biune au fost reprezentate de: repopularea \u021b\u0103rii prin <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%C3%8Empropriet%C4%83rire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"\u00cempropriet\u0103rire \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">\u00eempropriet\u0103rirea<\/a> cu p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i acordarea de privilegii <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C4%83ze%C8%99\" title=\"R\u0103ze\u0219\">r\u0103ze\u0219imii<\/a>, crearea unei noi clase aristocratice (mica boierime) pe baza meritocra\u021biei militare, \u00eent\u0103rirea puterii militare \u0219i a capacit\u0103\u021bii de ap\u0103rare a \u021b\u0103rii, reconcilierea cu vechile familii boiere\u0219ti \u0219i rechemarea celor pleca\u021bi \u00een exil, asigurarea loialit\u0103\u021bii <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sfatul_domnesc\" title=\"Sfatul domnesc\">Sfatului Domnesc<\/a> &#8211; prin cre\u0219terea ponderii dreg\u0103torilor militari (p\u00e2rc\u0103labii) \u0219i introducerea unui num\u0103r \u00eensemnat de membri ai familiei sale.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:pp. 16-17<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen \u00eencercarea de a g\u0103si o contrapondere politic\u0103 la clasa marilor boieri, \u0218tefan a manifestat o preocupare constant\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea micii boierimi (curtenii \u0219i slujitorii) \u0219i a \u021b\u0103r\u0103nimii libere. Marea proprietate, acordat\u0103 boierilor, era din punct de vedere juridic \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feud%C4%83\" title=\"Feud\u0103\">feud\u0103<\/a>\u201d, fiind grevat\u0103 de obliga\u021bia titularului de a efectua serviciul militar cu oamenii s\u0103ii \u00een schimbul garant\u0103rii de c\u0103tre domn a posesiuni p\u0103m\u00e2ntului. \u00cen schimb, mica proprietate, de\u0219i nu se se bucura de vreo garan\u021bie din partea domnului, era lipsit\u0103 \u0219i de constr\u00e2ngeri militare, fiind una de tip <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Alodiu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Alodiu \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">alodial<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 48<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Din acest motiv, p\u00e2n\u0103 la urcarea pe tron a lui \u0218tefan, \u021b\u0103ranii liberi nu erau obliga\u021bi s\u0103 presteze serviciul militar, deoarece p\u0103m\u00e2ntul pe care \u00eel st\u0103p\u00e2neau nu era primit de la domn. \u0218tefan avea s\u0103 fac\u0103 o reform\u0103 radical\u0103 \u00een sistemul real\u021biilor feudale, prin obligarea \u021b\u0103r\u0103nimii libere la prestarea serviciului militar, conferind astfel acestei clase o func\u021bie politic\u0103 important\u0103 \u00een via\u021ba statului. Utilizarea r\u0103ze\u0219imii \u00een armat\u0103 a reprezenta o lovitur\u0103 important\u0103 la situa\u021bia privilegiat\u0103 a marii boierimi, singura care avea monopolul obliga\u021biilor militare. \u00cen momentul \u00een care \u0218tefan a implicat \u00een chestiunile de ap\u0103rare a \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i alte elemente sociale, care executau serviciul militar f\u0103r\u0103 a primi \u00een schimb imunit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i privilegii, ponderea marii boierimi mari ca baz\u0103 social\u0103 a \u021b\u0103rii, s-a diminuat \u00een in mod esen\u021bial.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:pp. 112-114<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Puterea lui \u0218tefan vod\u0103 a stat \u00een \u00abcurtea\u00bb lui, \u00een aceast\u0103 oaste de \u021bar\u0103, am putea zice \u00een oameni de arme s\u0103di\u021bi de el pe tot \u00eentinsul \u021b\u0103rii. C\u0103ci acesta a fost actul politic mai \u00eensemnat, care l\u0103mure\u0219te puterea \u0219i politica marelui domn. El a fost un mare colonizator de o\u0219teni. Toate \u00ablocurile pustii\u00bb, adic\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 proprietar, erau de drept ale domniei \u0219i domnul coloniza pe ele o\u0219teni-plugari. Ace\u0219tia au format puterea de ne\u00eenfr\u00e2nt a domnului, \u00een\u0103untru \u0219i \u00een afar\u0103. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Panait-12\">[12]<\/a>:p. 16<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_____ P. P. Panaitescu, <em>\u0218tefan cel Mare. O \u00eencercare de caracterizare<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Acest fapt este confirmat \u0219i de num\u0103rul mare de <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hrisov\" title=\"Hrisov\">hrisoave<\/a> de \u00eempropriet\u0103rire cu \u201eloc \u00een pustiu\u201d \u00een diferite regiuni ale \u021b\u0103rii, preponderent \u00een cele de grani\u021b\u0103. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-19\">[19]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 36<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>Rela\u021bia cu marea boierime<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rela\u021bia sa cu marea boierime a fost una \u00een general pa\u0219nic\u0103, caracterizat\u0103 prin autoritarism domnesc, cu pu\u021bine manifest\u0103ri de nesupunere sau revolt\u0103 din partea boierilor. Rela\u021bia a evoluat \u00een timp, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce autoritatea central\u0103 a domnului se \u00eent\u0103rea. Astfel, \u00een primii ani de domnie, \u0218tefan a c\u0103utat s\u0103 \u021bin\u0103 sub control puterea boierilor prin men\u021binerea privilegiilor, iertarea celor care l-au slujit pe Petru Aron \u0219i trimiterea de c\u0103r\u021bi de iertare \u0219i rechemarea \u00een \u021bar\u0103 a boierilor fugari, \u00een frunte cu boierul Mihu. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Iorga-6\">[6]<\/a>:p. 74<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0218tefan a schimbat de asemenea \u0219i ierarhia boiereasc\u0103, cre\u00e2nd imediat sub domn un nivel al conduc\u0103torilor administra\u021biilor locale, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%A2rc%C4%83lab\" title=\"P\u00e2rc\u0103lab\">p\u00e2rc\u0103labii<\/a> de cet\u0103\u021bi (\u021binuturi), c\u0103rora le-a acordat puteri l\u0103rgite. Pentru a-\u0219i consolida puterea \u0219i a-\u0219i asigura controlul asupra acestora, el a \u00eencredin\u021bat aceste posturi de mare raspundere doar rudelor sale \u0219i celor mai apropia\u021bi dintre boieri. Ca semn al importan\u021bei pe care o aveau, p\u00e2rc\u0103labii erau situa\u021bi \u00eentotdeauna inaintea dreg\u0103torilor de curte, cu exceptia marelui <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vornic\" title=\"Vornic\">vornic<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 109<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen aceea\u0219i idee \u0218tefan a asigurat o stabilitate mare pe func\u021bii a marilor <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dreg%C4%83tor\" title=\"Dreg\u0103tor\">dreg\u0103tori<\/a>, mul\u021bi r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd \u00een aceea\u0219i pozi\u021bie pentru un num\u0103r mare de ani, cum ar fi: marele <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sp%C4%83tar_(dreg%C4%83tor)\" title=\"Sp\u0103tar (dreg\u0103tor)\">sp\u0103tar<\/a><em>C\u00e2ln\u0103u<\/em> \u2013 optsprezece ani, marele <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vistiernic\" title=\"Vistiernic\">vistiernic<\/a><em>Iuga<\/em> \u2013 dou\u0103zeci \u0219i unu de ani sau marele <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logof%C4%83t\" title=\"Logof\u0103t\">logof\u0103t<\/a><em>T\u0103utu<\/em> \u2013 mai mult de treizeci de ani. Acest lucru a asigurat totodat\u0103 \u0219i o mare stabilitate administra\u021biei \u021b\u0103rii.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 109<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Ca urmare a acestor m\u0103suri, \u0218tefan a avut de \u00eenfruntat doar dou\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspira%C8%9Bie\" title=\"Conspira\u021bie\">conspira\u021bii<\/a> boiere\u0219ti \u00een cei patruzeci \u0219i \u0219apte de ani de domnie, cea din <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1471\" title=\"1471\">1471<\/a> &#8211; c\u00e2nd au fost decapita\u021bi trei mari boieri \u00een frunte cu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Cumnat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Cumnat \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">cumnatul<\/a> s\u0103u, marele vornic <em>Isaia<\/em> \u0219i cea organizat\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1504\" title=\"1504\">1504<\/a> &#8211; cu dou\u0103 zile \u00eenainte de moartea sa, care viza \u00eendep\u0103rtarea fiului s\u0103u <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bogdan_al_III-lea\" title=\"Bogdan al III-lea\">Bogdan<\/a> de la tron, terminat\u0103 identic cu omor\u00e2rea capilor conspira\u021biei.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Iorga-6\">[6]<\/a>:p. 129, 267<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Infrastructura de transport a Moldovei \u00een timpul lui \u0218tefan cel Mare era slab dezvoltat\u0103, neexist\u00e2nd <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drum\" title=\"Drum\">drumuri<\/a> construite sau \u00eentre\u021binute de autorit\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eDrumurile erau ni\u0219te simple urme de \u0219leauri, de-a lungul anumitor v\u0103i sau pe anume direc\u021bii, pe care experien\u021ba le ar\u0103tase ca mai prielnice pentru comunicarea \u00eentre dou\u0103 \u021binuturi sau localit\u0103\u021bi. Starea lor, ca pretutindeni de altmintrelea \u00een acele vremuri, era foarte rea, c\u0103ci ele erau fie acoperite de un strat gros de praf, fie adev\u0103rate mocirle cu gropi ad\u00e2nci.\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:p. 154<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Trecerile peste r\u00e2uri se f\u0103cea, de regul\u0103, prin <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vad\" title=\"Vad\">vaduri<\/a>, iar dac\u0103 acestea erau prea ad\u00e2nci, pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bac\" title=\"Bac\">poduri umbl\u0103toare<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pod\" title=\"Pod\">Podurile<\/a> fixe erau de lemn, peste r\u00e2urile mai mari sau de piatr\u0103, peste p\u00e2r\u00e2uri. Principalele puncte de trecere prin vad a marilor r\u00e2uri erau la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liteni_(Moara),_Suceava\" title=\"Liteni (Moara), Suceava\">Veri\u0219cani<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuseni,_Suceava\" title=\"Reuseni, Suceava\">Reuseni<\/a>, pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A2ul_Siret\" title=\"R\u00e2ul Siret\">Siret<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%9Au%C8%9Bora,_Ia%C8%99i\" title=\"\u021au\u021bora, Ia\u0219i\">\u021au\u021bora<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cern%C4%83u%C8%9Bi\" title=\"Cern\u0103u\u021bi\">Cern\u0103u\u021bi<\/a>, pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prut\" title=\"Prut\">Prut<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vadul_lui_Vod%C4%83\" title=\"Vadul lui Vod\u0103\">Vadul Jorii<\/a>, pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nistru\" title=\"Nistru\">Nistru<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C4%83tine%C8%99ti,_Vrancea\" title=\"B\u0103tine\u0219ti, Vrancea\">B\u0103tine\u0219ti<\/a> pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A2ul_Putna\" title=\"R\u00e2ul Putna\">Putna<\/a>. Poduri umbl\u0103toare erau la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siret\" title=\"Siret\">T\u00e2rgul Siret<\/a>, pe Siret, Cern\u0103u\u021bi, pe Prut \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman,_Rom%C3%A2nia\" title=\"Roman, Rom\u00e2nia\">Roman<\/a>, pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A2ul_Moldova\" title=\"R\u00e2ul Moldova\">Moldova<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:p. 155<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Principalele surse de venit ale domniei erau reprezentate de veniturile \u00eencasate din <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monopol\" title=\"Monopol\">monopoluri<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Tax%C4%83_vamal%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Tax\u0103 vamal\u0103 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">taxe vamale<\/a>. Domnul avea monopolul exploat\u0103rii \u0219i comercializ\u0103rii <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sare\" title=\"Sare\">s\u0103rii<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argint\" title=\"Argint\">argintului<\/a>, precum \u0219i monopolul comer\u021bului cu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pe%C8%99te\" title=\"Pe\u0219te\">pe\u0219te<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cear%C4%83\" title=\"Cear\u0103\">cear\u0103<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blan%C4%83\" title=\"Blan\u0103\">bl\u0103nuri pre\u021bioase<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vam%C4%83\" title=\"Vam\u0103\">V\u0103mile<\/a> erau a\u0219ezate pe principalele artere comerciale. Sistemul vamal cuprinde v\u0103mile externe, dispuse pe frontier\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103mi interne. Vama de import se pl\u0103tea doar la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suceava\" title=\"Suceava\">Suceava<\/a> iar vama de export la v\u0103mile externe de la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cern%C4%83u%C8%9Bi\" title=\"Cern\u0103u\u021bi\">Cern\u0103u\u021bi<\/a> (pentru Regatul Poloniei), <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chilia\" title=\"Chilia\">Chilia<\/a> (pentru Imperiul Otoman), <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cetatea_Alb%C4%83\" title=\"Cetatea Alb\u0103\">Cetatea Alb\u0103<\/a> (pentru Regatul Crimeii), <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adjud\" title=\"Adjud\">Adjud<\/a> (pentru Regatul Ungariei) \u0219i Putna (\u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103). \u00cen plus mai existatu v\u0103mi interne unde se pl\u0103tea o tax\u0103 de tranzit, la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C4%83pu%C8%99na,_H%C3%AEnce%C8%99ti\" title=\"L\u0103pu\u0219na, H\u00eence\u0219ti\">L\u0103pu\u0219na<\/a>, Roman, Bac\u0103u, Vaslui, B\u00e2rlad \u0219i Tecuci. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 88<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 72<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Ca surse secundare de venit o reprezentatu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Arend%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Arend\u0103 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">arenzile<\/a> \u00eencasate de la proprietarii de case si atelierele me\u0219tesug\u0103re\u0219ti din ora\u0219e, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Amend%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Amend\u0103 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">amenzile<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tax%C4%83\" title=\"Tax\u0103\">taxele de judecat\u0103<\/a> (<em>tretina<\/em> &#8211; a treia parte din lucrul judecat) \u0219i veniturile satelor \u0219i ocoaleleor domne\u0219ti. Domnul devenea de asemenea proprietar de drept al mo\u0219iilor r\u0103mase f\u0103r\u0103 mo\u0219tenitor precum \u0219i a celor confiscate de la boierii condamna\u021bi pentru \u201ehiclenie\u201d (tr\u0103dare). <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:pp. 71-72<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0218tefan cel Mare a fost unul dintre pu\u021binii domni ai Moldovei care au b\u0103tut o <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moned%C4%83\" title=\"Moned\u0103\">moned\u0103<\/a> proprie &#8211; <em>gros moldovenesc<\/em>, fapt ce reprezenta inclusiv o modalitate de a afirmare a suveranit\u0103\u021bii. Monedele erau confec\u021bionate din argint, cu un diametru de 13 milimetri, av\u00e2nd \u0219tan\u021bate stema \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i inscrip\u021biile MONETAMOLDAVIE pe avers \u0219i STEFANVSVOIEVODA pe revers. Valorile erau de un gros \u0219i o jum\u0103tate de gros. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Ober-21\">[21]<\/a>:p. 297<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Cantitatea de mas\u0103 monetar\u0103 a fost \u00eens\u0103 una mic\u0103, baterea monedelor fiind determinat\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de scopuri politice &#8211; plata serviciilor militare prestate de boierime sau a <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercenar\" title=\"Mercenar\">mercenarilor<\/a> \u0219i mai pu\u021bin pentru facilitarea schimburilor comerciale, care se bazau \u00een continuare pe monedele emise de mai puternicele state vecine. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Ober-21\">[21]<\/a>:p. 353<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>Politica extern\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen politica extern\u0103 a lui \u0218tefan cel Mare pot fi identificate trei mari perioade, fiecare cu obiective specifice. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 7<\/sup> La urcarea pe tron a lui \u0218tefan, contextul geopolitic f\u0103cea ca Moldova s\u0103 fie obiectul \u00eencerc\u0103rilor de hegemonie ai celor doi mari vecini, regatele <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regatul_Poloniei_(1385-1569)\" title=\"Regatul Poloniei (1385-1569)\">Poloniei<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regatul_Ungariei_(1000%E2%80%931538)\" title=\"Regatul Ungariei (1000\u20131538)\">Ungariei<\/a>. \u00cen urma perioadei de instabilitate generat\u0103 de luptele pentru domnie dintre urma\u0219ii lui Alexandru cel Bun, pozi\u021bia ei fa\u021b\u0103 de cei doi vecini rivali se degradase considerabil, de unde necesitatea pentru t\u00e2n\u0103rul domn de a duce o politic\u0103 extern\u0103 realist\u0103 \u0219i echilibrat\u0103.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Papacostea-22\">[22]<\/a>:p. 516<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u201e\u0218tefan urm\u0103ri \u00eenc\u0103 din tinere\u021bea lui un principiu, care \u00eei fu prea folositor \u00een lunga \u0219i viforoasa lui carier\u0103. Niciodat\u0103 doi du\u0219mani, ci totdeauna \u00eemp\u0103carea cu unul, c\u00e2t era \u00een ceart\u0103 cu cel\u0103lalt.\u201d <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Xenopol-13\">[13]<\/a>:p. 408<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_______A.D.Xenopol, <em>Istoria rom\u00e2nilor din Dacia Traian\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pentru transpunerea \u00een practic\u0103 a politicii externe, \u0218tefan va acorda o aten\u021bie dezvolt\u0103rii deosebit\u0103 institu\u021biei \u00eens\u0103rcinate cu acest domeniu, logofe\u021bia. <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logof%C4%83t\" title=\"Logof\u0103t\">Marele logof\u0103t<\/a> avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 cel mai important dreg\u0103tor al \u021b\u0103rii. \u0218tefan \u0219i-a ales cu grij\u0103 colaboratorii din acest domeniu, \u00een lunga sa domnie demnitatea de logof\u0103t a fost \u00eendeplinit\u0103 doar de trei boieri: <em>Ioan Dobru<\/em> (8 septembrie 1457-5 februarie 1468), <em>Toma<\/em> (28 iulie 1468-26 august 1474) \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ioan_T%C4%83utu\" title=\"Ioan T\u0103utu\">Ioan T\u0103utu<\/a> (14 apr.1475 &#8211; 7 oct. 1503). <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Demnitari-23\">[23]<\/a>:p. 38<\/sup>. Cei mai cunoscu\u021bi diploma\u021bi moldoveni din aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, men\u021biona\u021bi pentru modul cum au condus soliile \u00eencredin\u021bate de domn au fost logof\u0103tul Ioan T\u0103utu \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ioan_%C8%9Aamblac\" title=\"Ioan \u021aamblac\">Ioan \u021aamblac<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-24\">[24]<\/a>:p. 10<\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Diploma\u021bia se judec\u0103 dup\u0103 rezultate, \u0219i rezultatele diploma\u021biei lui \u0218tefan sunt minunate. La 1462-1465 se lupt\u0103 cu muntenii \u0219i e \u00een pace cu turcii, ungurii \u0219i polonii; la 1467 se lupt\u0103 cu ungurii, e bine cu turcii \u0219i polonii intervin \u00een favoarea lui, protest\u00e2nd la Buda; la 1469-1479 e \u00een lupt\u0103 cu muntenii &#8211; ungurii \u0219i turcii nu intervin; la 1475-1476 lupt\u0103 cu turcii &#8211; polonii \u0219i ungurii \u00eei trimit mici ajutoare; la 1477-1480 lupt\u0103 cu muntenii, ajutat de unguri; la 1481-1487 lupt\u0103 cu turcii, f\u0103r\u0103 interven\u021bie polon\u0103 \u0219i ungureasc\u0103; la 1497-1499 lupt\u0103 cu polonii &#8211; ungurii, turcii \u0219i ru\u0219ii intervin \u00een favoarea lui \u0218tefan. Chiar cu t\u0103tarii lui Mengli Ghirei a avut mult timp rela\u021bii bune.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Panait-12\">[12]<\/a>:p. 27<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_______P.P. Panaitescu, <em>\u0218tefan cel Mare<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1457-1469<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prima perioad\u0103, \u00eentre <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1457\" title=\"1457\">1457<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1469\" title=\"1469\">1469<\/a>, este caracterizat\u0103 de ac\u021biunile politice \u0219i militare pentru recunoa\u0219terea extern\u0103 \u0219i consolidarea domniei. \u00cen acest sens erau vizate \u00eent\u0103rirea pozi\u021biei Moldovei pe scena regional\u0103 \u0219i rec\u00e2\u0219tigarea libert\u0103\u021bii de ac\u021biune a \u021b\u0103rii, sim\u021bitor \u00eengr\u0103dit\u0103 \u00een deceniile anterioare. Imediat dup\u0103 \u00eensc\u0103unare au loc ciocnirile cu polonii care-l ad\u0103posteau pe Petru Aron \u0219i cu care avea s\u0103 \u00eencheie pace \u00een 1459. Urmeaz\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asediile_cet%C4%83%C8%9Bii_Chilia\" title=\"Asediile cet\u0103\u021bii Chilia\">\u00eencerc\u0103rile de cucerire a Chiliei<\/a>, luptele de la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lupta_de_la_Baia\" title=\"Lupta de la Baia\">Baia<\/a> cu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matei_Corvin\" title=\"Matei Corvin\">Matei Corvin<\/a>, de la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Lipnic\" title=\"B\u0103t\u0103lia de la Lipnic\">Lipnic<\/a> cu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C4%83tar\" title=\"T\u0103tar\">t\u0103tarii<\/a> \u0219i atacul \u021a\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u0219i arderea <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Br%C4%83ila\" title=\"Br\u0103ila\">Br\u0103ilei<\/a>. Tot \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 a re\u00eennoit privilegiile comerciale pentru <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Negustor\" title=\"Negustor\">negustorii<\/a> din <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bra%C8%99ov\" title=\"Bra\u0219ov\">Bra\u0219ov<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lvov\" title=\"Lvov\">Lvov<\/a> \u0219i a ini\u021biat contactele cu m\u0103n\u0103stirile de la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muntele_Athos\" title=\"Muntele Athos\">Muntele Athos<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Bibliografie-26\">[26]<\/a>:pp. 8-9<\/sup>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Papacostea-22\">[22]<\/a>:p. 516<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>1470-1486<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cea de-a doua perioad\u0103, \u00eentre <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1470\" title=\"1470\">1470<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1486\" title=\"1486\">1486<\/a>, a fost cea mai complicat\u0103 \u0219i dificil\u0103 din timpul domniei sale, fiind perioada de apogeu a conflictului cu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperiul_Otoman\" title=\"Imperiul Otoman\">Imperiul Otoman<\/a>. O prim\u0103 constant\u0103 a politicii externe a lui \u0218tefan \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 a fost atragerea \u021a\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u00een coali\u021bia antiotoman\u0103. Primul episod l-a reprezentat conflictul cu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radu_cel_Frumos\" title=\"Radu cel Frumos\">Radu cel Frumos<\/a>, concretizat \u00een patru campanii militare desf\u0103\u0219urate \u00eentre 1469-1473, \u00eencheiat cu victoria lui \u0218tefan. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Papacostea-22\">[22]<\/a>:p. 522-524<\/sup> \u00cen acela\u0219i context, \u0218tefan a intervenit \u0219i a numit patru domni \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103: <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laiot%C4%83_Basarab\" title=\"Laiot\u0103 Basarab\">Laiot\u0103 Basarab<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vlad_%C8%9Aepe%C8%99\" title=\"Vlad \u021aepe\u0219\">Vlad \u021aepe\u0219<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basarab_cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r_%C8%9Aepelu%C8%99\" title=\"Basarab cel T\u00e2n\u0103r \u021aepelu\u0219\">Basarab cel T\u00e2n\u0103r \u021aepelu\u0219<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vlad_C%C4%83lug%C4%83rul\" title=\"Vlad C\u0103lug\u0103rul\">Vlad C\u0103lug\u0103rul<\/a>, \u00eempotriva unora dintre ace\u0219tia fiind nevoit s\u0103 duc\u0103 campanii militare pentru a-i scoate din domnie, pentru c\u0103 i-au tr\u0103dat \u00eencrederea.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Bibliografie-26\">[26]<\/a>:pp. 9-10<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>O a doua linie major\u0103 a politicii externe a perioadei a fost de a avea lini\u0219te \u0219i eventual sprijin \u00een lupta antiotoman\u0103 din partea vecinilor mari, \u00een acest scop \u00eencheind \u201epace trainic\u0103 \u0219i ve\u0219nic\u0103\u201d cu Matei Corvin, \u00een 1475 \u0219i depun\u00e2nd jur\u0103m\u00e2nt de <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vasal\" title=\"Vasal\">vasalitate<\/a> \u0219i credin\u021b\u0103 lui <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cazimir_al_IV-lea_al_Poloniei\" title=\"Cazimir al IV-lea al Poloniei\">Cazimir al IV-lea<\/a>, regele Poloniei, la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colomeea\" title=\"Colomeea\">Colomeea<\/a>, \u00een 1485. \u00cen aceea\u0219i direc\u021bie se \u00eenscrie scrisorile \u0219i soliile trimise <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pap%C4%83\" title=\"Pap\u0103\">Papei de la Roma<\/a> \u0219i conduc\u0103torilor <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vene%C8%9Bia\" title=\"Vene\u021bia\">Vene\u021biei<\/a>, cea mai cunoscut\u0103 fiind solia lui <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ioan_%C8%9Aamblac\" title=\"Ioan \u021aamblac\">Ioan \u021aamblac<\/a> din 1477.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Bibliografie-26\">[26]<\/a>:pp. 10-12<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-27\">[27]<\/a>:p. 89<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Obiectivul principal al politicii externe \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 avea s\u0103 fie \u00eens\u0103 \u00eencercarea de a asigura integritatea teritorial\u0103 a Moldovei \u0219i independen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de Imperiul Otoman. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Iorga-6\">[6]<\/a>:pp. 151-216<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u201eS-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat ca atunci c\u00e2nd to\u021bi principii supu\u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nului (Mehmet al II-lea &#8211; n.n.) au aflat c\u0103 Zucha-Zan (Uzun Hasan, hanul turcmenilor \u2013 n.n) intrase \u00een lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva lui, ei s-au veselit cu to\u021bii, zic\u00e2nd: \u00abAcum, Mehmet va fi nimicit. Ceea ce el ne-a f\u0103cut nou\u0103, \u00eei va face lui acum Dumnezeu&#8230;\u00a0\u00bb. \u0218i s-au r\u0103sculat \u00eempotriva turcilor&#8230; \u00centre ei se afla \u0219i domnul Valahiei Mici (Moldova \u2013 n.n)&#8230; Dat fiind c\u0103 \u021bara sa e mic\u0103 \u0219i locuitorii ei sunt pu\u021bin numero\u0219i, dar cu to\u021bii viteji, care se ad\u0103postesc \u00een mun\u021bi \u0219i v\u0103i, cine ar avea \u00eendr\u0103zneala s\u0103 se apropie de ei? A\u0219adar, c\u00e2nd a aflat c\u0103 Zucha-Zan a pornit la lupt\u0103 \u00eempotriva st\u0103p\u00e2nului s\u0103u, sultanul Mehmet al II-lea, \u0218tefan a \u00eenceput s\u0103 urzeasc\u0103 fel de fel de planuri. Pe ascuns, a pus cap\u0103t supunerii sale \u0219i \u0219i-a scuturat umerii de povar\u0103&#8230;\u201d <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Papacostea-22\">[22]<\/a>:p. 525<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>______Elia ben Elkana Capsali &#8211; <em>Istoria Otoman\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00cen aces sens \u0218tefan a renun\u021bat la plata tributului c\u0103tre Poart\u0103 \u00een 1473, a condus dou\u0103 campanii majore antiotomane \u2013 cele din 1475 \u0219i 1476, precum \u0219i alte patru campanii minore \u2013 cele pentru ap\u0103rarea Chiliei \u0219i Cet\u0103\u021bii Albe din 1475 \u0219i 1484, precum \u0219i luptele \u00eempotriva o\u0219tilor turce\u0219ti conduse de Ali Had\u00e2mbul, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beilerbey\" title=\"Beilerbey\">beilerbey<\/a>-ul <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rumelia\" title=\"Rumelia\">Rumelie<\/a> \u0219i Malcoci, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pa%C8%99%C4%83\" title=\"Pa\u0219\u0103\">pa\u0219a<\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silistra\" title=\"Silistra\">Silistra<\/a>, din \u00een 1485-1486. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Bibliografie-26\">[26]<\/a>:pp. 11-13<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceputul anilor 1480, contextul regional \u00eencepea s\u0103 se schimbe. Polonia \u00eenclina tot mai mult s\u0103 coopereze cu turcii, Ungaria acorda prioritate Europei Centrale, \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 fusese readus\u0103 sub controlul Por\u021bii iar <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanatul_Crimeii\" title=\"Hanatul Crimeii\">Hanatul Crimeii<\/a> redevenise vasal acesteia. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Papacostea-22\">[22]<\/a>:p. 539<\/sup> Dup\u0103 cucerirea de c\u0103tre turci a Chiliei \u0219i Cet\u0103\u021bii Albe \u0219i \u00een noul context extern european, \u0218tefan decide \u00een 1487 s\u0103 \u00eencheie pace cu Imperiul Otoman, accept\u00e2nd reluarea pl\u0103\u021bii tributului \u00een schimbul garant\u0103rii de c\u0103tre ace\u0219tia a statalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i independen\u021bei Moldovei.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eAnul 892 (1487). \u00cen zilele c\u00e2nd Davud-pa\u0219a a plecat \u00een expedi\u021bie \u00een Arabia, a venit un sol din Moldova cu haraci pe doi ani \u0219i a plecat primind r\u0103spunsul de pace\u201d. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-28\">[28]<\/a>:p. 329<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_______<em>Cronica turceasc\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1487-1504<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea p\u0103cii cu Imperiul Otoman \u0219i securizarea frontierei sudice, \u00een ultima parte a domniei, \u0218tefan \u00ee\u0219i va focaliza politica extern\u0103 pentru rezolvarea chestiunilor \u00een disput\u0103 de la frontiera nordic\u0103. \u00cen acest sens a dezvoltat un sistem de alian\u021be cu <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cnezatul_Moscovei\" title=\"Cnezatul Moscovei\">Cnezatul Moscovei<\/a> (1491), <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanatul_Crimeii\" title=\"Hanatul Crimeii\">Hanatul Crimeii<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marele_Ducat_al_Lituaniei\" title=\"Marele Ducat al Lituaniei\">Marele Ducat al Lituaniei<\/a> (1499), \u00een scopul \u00eengr\u0103dirii influen\u021bei polone. Dup\u0103 victoria de la B\u0103t\u0103lia de la <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codrii_Cosminului\" title=\"Codrii Cosminului\">Codrii Cosminului<\/a> din 1497 \u0219i expedi\u021bia militar\u0103 \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gali%C8%9Bia\" title=\"Gali\u021bia\">Gali\u021bia<\/a> din 1498, a \u00eencheiat pace cu Regatul Poloniei. Ultima sa mare ac\u021biune diplomatic\u0103 au fost negocierile cu polonezii, din 1502-1503, pentru restituirea <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pocu%C8%9Bia\" title=\"Pocu\u021bia\">Pocu\u021biei<\/a>, negocieri r\u0103mase f\u0103r\u0103 succes. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 8<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Papacostea-22\">[22]<\/a>:p. 545-554<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>La moartea sa, \u0218tefan l\u0103sa \u021bara \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie politic\u0103 favorabil\u0103, av\u00e2nd tratate de pace \u00eencheiate cu to\u021bi vecinii s\u0103i. Ultimul sfat de politic\u0103 extern\u0103 dat fiului s\u0103u <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bogdan_al_III-lea\" title=\"Bogdan al III-lea\">Bogdan al III-lea<\/a> \u00eenainte de a muri a fost de a men\u021bine pacea cu Imperiul Otoman, \u201e<em>socotindu din to\u021bii mai puternicu pre turcu \u0219i mai \u00een\u021beleptu<\/em>\u201d.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Ureche-1\">[1]<\/a>:p. 66<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u201eNimic nu tulbura de la moartea lui Matia\u0219 leg\u0103turile bune cu ungurii. Turcii din cet\u0103\u021bile de la Dun\u0103rea-de-jos se st\u00e2mp\u0103rase; Mengli-Ghirai, Hanul Cr\u00e2mului, socrul lui Selim, fiul cel mai mare al Sultanului, care st\u0103tea la Caffa, uitase drumul Moldovei. Numele \u00abMoldoveanului\u00bb era cunoscut cu cinste \u00een lumea \u00eentreag\u0103, \u0219i polonii \u00een\u0219i\u0219i, du\u0219manii b\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u021belor sale, recunosteau f\u0103\u021bis ce putere cuminte pleac\u0103 din sufletul acestui om cum nu se g\u0103se\u0219te u\u0219or un altul.\u201d <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Iorga-6\">[6]<\/a>:p. 266<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_______Nicolae Iorga, <em>Istoria lui \u0218tefan cel Mare<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Puterea armat\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O\u0219teni moldoveni<\/p>\n<p>Particularit\u0103\u021bile strategiei \u0219i artei militare \u00een perioada domniei lui lui \u0218tefan deriv\u0103 din obiectivul politic pe termen lung al domnului Moldovei, acela de \u201eap\u0103rare a fiin\u021b\u0103rii statului moldovenesc.\u201d<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:p. 222<\/sup> Caracteristica esen\u021bial\u0103 a ac\u021biunilor militare duse de \u0218tefan a fost astfel c\u0103 acestea au urm\u0103rit nimicirea armatelor inamice \u0219i nu realizarea de cuceriri teritoriale.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-ArtaMil-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ca forme principale a ac\u021biunilor militare la nivel strategic, \u0218tefan a utilizat at\u00e2t <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defensiv%C4%83\" title=\"Defensiv\u0103\">defensiva strategic\u0103<\/a>, c\u00e2t \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ofensiv%C4%83\" title=\"Ofensiv\u0103\">ofensiva strategic\u0103<\/a>, \u00een func\u021bie de obiectivul politic urm\u0103rit. Defensiva strategic\u0103 avea, de regul\u0103, ca etape principale ap\u0103rarea pe frontier\u0103, h\u0103r\u021buirea, b\u0103t\u0103lia decisiv\u0103 \u0219i urm\u0103rirea, fiind adoptat\u0103 de \u0218tefan \u00een marile campanii din 1475, 1476, 1497, c\u00e2nd a avut de \u00eenfruntat inamici cu mult superiori din punct de vedere al num\u0103rului \u0219i \u00eenzestr\u0103rii. Ofensiva strategic\u0103 avea, de regul\u0103, ca etape principale mobilizarea si concentrarea \u00een secret a for\u021belor, respingerea trupelor de acoperire adverse, b\u0103t\u0103lia decisiv\u0103 \u0219i urm\u0103rirea. Ea a fost adoptat\u0103 de \u0218tefan \u00een campaniile din 1473 \u0219i 1481 care au avut ca obiectiv schimbarea domnilor pro-otomani din \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-ArtaMil-29\">[29]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:pp. 154-190<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-IorgaArmata-30\">[30]<\/a>:pp. 101-160<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>B\u0103t\u0103lia decisiv\u0103 \u2013 dus\u0103 individual sau \u00een cadrul unei campanii \u2013 avea ca obiectiv nimicirea grup\u0103rii principale de for\u021be a inamicului, \u0219i determinarea acestuia s\u0103 renun\u021be la continuarea ac\u021biunilor militare. \u00cen aceste b\u0103t\u0103lii \u0218tefan a utilizat cu prec\u0103dere manevra de for\u021be, adaptat\u0103 la condi\u021biile de teren, anotimp \u0219i starea vremii, pentru a anihila avantajul numeric al inamicilor, cum a fost cazul \u00een b\u0103t\u0103liile de la Baia \u0219i Codrii Cosminului. C\u00e2nd condi\u021biile erau favorabile, a fost utilizat\u0103 inducerea in eroare a inamicului, prin ac\u021biuni de \u00een\u0219elare, cum a fost la Baia, c\u00e2nd ora\u0219ul a fost incendiat \u00een mai multe locuri, simultan, sau la Vaslui, c\u00e2nd o mare parte a armatei otomane a fost atras\u0103 \u0219i imobilizat\u0103 \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 ml\u0103\u0219tinoas\u0103. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-ArtaMil-29\">[29]<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:pp. 154-190<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-IorgaArmata-30\">[30]<\/a>:pp. 101-160<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u201eNu e pu\u021bin lucru ca acela\u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2nitor al unei \u021b\u0103ri mici s\u0103 \u00eenving\u0103 pe r\u00e2nd pe to\u021bi vecinii lui: munteni, unguri, poloni, t\u0103tari, turci. \u0218i nu e vorba de cine \u0219tie ce o\u0219ti provinciale: Matei Corvin, Ioan Albert, Mahomet II au n\u0103v\u0103lit \u00een Moldova cu toate o\u0219tile marilor lor \u021binuturi \u0219i to\u021bi s-au \u00eentors ru\u0219ina\u021bi.\u201d <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Panait-12\">[12]<\/a>:p. 28<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>_______P.P. Panaitescu, <em>\u0218tefan cel Mare<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Organizarea armatei<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armat%C4%83\" title=\"Armat\u0103\">Armata<\/a> Moldovei era una nepermanent\u0103, fiind mobilizat\u0103 doar \u00een caz de conflict armat. For\u021bele armate erau constitute din \u201eoastea cea mic\u0103\u201d \u0219i \u201eoastea cea mare\u201d. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-IorgaArmata-30\">[30]<\/a>:p. 174<\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-IstMil-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> Marea majoritate a ac\u021biunilor militare ale lui \u0218tefan au fost duse de \u201eoastea cea mic\u0103\u201d, format\u0103 din cetele boiere\u0219ti \u0219i curteni. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Curteni-32\">[32]<\/a>:p. 292<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Conform dreptului feudal, numai proprietarii de p\u0103m\u00e2nt erau obliga\u021bi s\u0103 presteze serviciul militar \u0219i s\u0103 mearg\u0103 la r\u0103zboi, de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd erau chema\u021bi de domn.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 503<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boier\" title=\"Boier\">Boierii<\/a> cu cetele lor, reprezentau nucleul armatei. Ei constituiau elementul cel mai numeros \u0219i cel mai puternic. Din r\u00e2ndul acestora, un corp separat era reprezentat de \u201ecurteni\u201d sau \u201eslujitori\u201d, adic\u0103 boierii care \u00eendeplineau <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dreg%C4%83torie\" title=\"Dreg\u0103torie\">dreg\u0103torii<\/a> locale sau na\u021bionale \u00een sistemul administrativ. Num\u0103rul curtenilor \u0219i slujitorilor era de c\u00e2teva mii. Curtenii faceau serviciul prin rota\u021bie la curte, asigur\u00e2nd <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Paz%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Paz\u0103 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">paza<\/a> domnului \u0219i \u00eendeplinind diferite slujbe sau servicii. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:pp. 503-507<\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Curteni-32\">[32]<\/a>:pp. 290-308<\/sup> Ceilal\u021bi proprietari de p\u0103m\u00e2nt, se adunau, \u00een caz de razboi, grupa\u021bi pe <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%9Ainut\" title=\"\u021ainut\">\u021binuturi<\/a>, sub comanda <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%A2rc%C4%83lab\" title=\"P\u00e2rc\u0103lab\">p\u00e2rc\u0103labului<\/a> de \u021binut, dup\u0103 care se deplasau la locul de adunare a o\u0219tirii stabilit de domn, denumit \u201evileag\u201d sau \u201ebeleag\u201d. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 507<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Boldur-10\">[10]<\/a>:p. 110<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u201eOastea cea mare\u201d sau \u201e\u021bara\u201d era mobilizat\u0103 doar \u00een cazuri excep\u021bionale, de mare primejdie, c\u00e2nd erau cheam\u021bi sub arme practic to\u021bi b\u0103rba\u021bii valizi de lupt\u0103. Oastea cea mare cuprindea, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 \u201eoastea cea mic\u0103\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C4%83ze%C8%99\" title=\"R\u0103ze\u0219\">r\u0103ze\u0219ii<\/a>, or\u0103\u0219enii, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vecin_(%C8%9B%C4%83ran)\" title=\"Vecin (\u021b\u0103ran)\">\u021b\u0103ranii f\u0103r\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2nt din satelor domne\u0219ti, boiere\u0219ti \u0219i m\u0103n\u0103stire\u0219ti<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Str%C4%83jer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Str\u0103jer \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">str\u0103jerii<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"C\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">c\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219ii<\/a>. \u0218tefan a mobilizat oastea cea mare doar de dou\u0103 ori, \u00een campaniile antiotomane din 1475 \u0219i 1476. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 511<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-LetoAcad-33\">[33]<\/a>:p. 44<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd erau chema\u021bi la oaste r\u0103ze\u0219ii erau obliga\u021bi s\u0103 se prezinte \u0219i ei la vileag, <em>dac\u0103 nu c\u0103l\u0103ri \u0219i \u00eentrarma\u021bi ca vitejii, m\u0103car cum ii ajutau \u00eemprejur\u0103rile<\/em>, preg\u0103ti\u021bi pentru a lupta pedestru. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-IorgaArmata-30\">[30]<\/a>:p. 178<\/sup> Or\u0103\u0219enii aveau obliga\u021bia ca, \u00een caz de r\u0103zboi, s\u0103 \u00eenarmeze un num\u0103r de oameni pe cheltuiala lor \u0219i s\u0103-i pun\u0103 la dispozi\u021bia domnului. O categorie militar\u0103 distinct\u0103 era reprezentat\u0103 de \u201estr\u0103jeri\u201d \u0219i \u201ec\u0103l\u0103ra\u0219i\u201d, locuitori ai satelor de grani\u021b\u0103 care asigurau paza <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frontier%C4%83\" title=\"Frontier\u0103\">frontierei<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carpa%C8%9Bi\" title=\"Carpa\u021bi\">Carpa\u021bilor<\/a>, respectiv a <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nistru\" title=\"Nistru\">Nistrului<\/a>. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:pp.504-510<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><strong>Armamentul<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oastea lui \u0218tefan cel Mare utiliza toate categoriile principale de <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armament\" title=\"Armament\">armament<\/a> disponibile pe plan european \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XV-lea. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RevMuz-34\">[34]<\/a>:p. 45<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Armamentul folosit poate fi categorisit \u00een dou\u0103 mari categorii: armament defensiv \u0219i armament ofensiv. Armamentul defensiv, destinat protec\u021biei lupt\u0103torului era format din <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scut\" title=\"Scut\">scut<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zale&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Zale \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">c\u0103ma\u0219\u0103 de zale<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Plato%C8%99%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Plato\u0219\u0103 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">plato\u0219\u0103<\/a> \u0219i mai rar, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armur%C4%83\" title=\"Armur\u0103\">armur\u0103<\/a>. \u021a\u0103ranii chema\u021bi la oaste purtau pentru protec\u021bie haine de in <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Matlasat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Matlasat \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">matlasate<\/a>, groase de 3-5 centimetri, cu cus\u0103turi dese sau <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cojoc\" title=\"Cojoc\">cojoace din piele<\/a>.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-Giure-7\">[7]<\/a>:p. 512<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:p. 139<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Armamentul ofensiv era formad din arme albe \u0219i arme de foc. <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arm%C4%83_alb%C4%83\" title=\"Arm\u0103 alb\u0103\">Armele albe<\/a> erau reprezentate de arme de t\u0103iere \u0219i \u00eempungere (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spad%C4%83\" title=\"Spad\u0103\">spade<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabie\" title=\"Sabie\">s\u0103bii<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pumnal\" title=\"Pumnal\">pumnale<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cu%C8%9Bit\" title=\"Cu\u021bit\">cu\u021bite de lupt\u0103<\/a>), arme de aruncare \u0219i \u00eempungere (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lance\" title=\"Lance\">l\u0103nci<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suli%C8%9B%C4%83\" title=\"Suli\u021b\u0103\">suli\u021be<\/a>), arme de lovire \u0219i t\u0103iere (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secure\" title=\"Secure\">securi<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Topor\" title=\"Topor\">topoare de lupt\u0103<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halebard%C4%83\" title=\"Halebard\u0103\">halebarde<\/a>), arme de lovire \u0219i izbire (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ghioag%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"Ghioag\u0103 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">ghioage<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=M%C4%83ciuc%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" title=\"M\u0103ciuc\u0103 \u2014 pagin\u0103 inexistent\u0103\">m\u0103ciuci<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buzdugan\" title=\"Buzdugan\">buzdugane<\/a>) \u0219i arme de aruncare la distan\u021b\u0103 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arc_(arm%C4%83)\" title=\"Arc (arm\u0103)\">arcuri<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arbalet%C4%83\" title=\"Arbalet\u0103\">arbalete<\/a>). <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RevMuz-34\">[34]<\/a>:p. 46<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arm%C4%83_de_foc\" title=\"Arm\u0103 de foc\">Armele de foc<\/a> erau portative, de calibru mai mic \u0219i cu \u021beav\u0103 lung\u0103 (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A2nea%C8%9B%C4%83\" title=\"S\u00e2nea\u021b\u0103\">s\u00e2ne\u021be<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archebuz%C4%83\" title=\"Archebuz\u0103\">archehuze<\/a>) \u0219i grele, de calibru mare, cu \u021beava scurt\u0103, duse pe care sau tractate (<a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombard%C4%83\" title=\"Bombard\u0103\">bombarde<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tun\" title=\"Tun\">tunuri<\/a>).<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:p. 144<\/sup> Referitor la num\u0103rul armelor de foc s-au p\u0103strat doar o serie de men\u021biuni vagi: \u00abin buona copia bombarde\u00bb (\u00een 1475), \u00abquantita d&#8217;artegliaria\u00bb, \u00abfoarte multe tunuri mai mici \u0219i mai mari\u00bb, \u00abil y avoit de bonnes batteris\u00bb. Singura cifr\u0103 exact\u0103, se refer\u0103 la b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Podul \u00cenalt, unde sunt men\u021bionate 20 tunuri \u0219i de a se trage \u0219apte lovituri de fiecare pies\u0103.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:p. 152<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Armamentul din \u00eenzestrarea oastei moldovene era potrivit \u00een principal pentru lupta corp la corp. Armele destinate pentru lupta la distan\u021b\u0103 permiteau executarea doar a c\u00e2teva lovituri izolate, p\u00e2n\u0103 la circa 9oo metri (cu arme de foc \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arbalet%C4%83\" title=\"Arbalet\u0103\">arbalete<\/a>), precum \u0219i o b\u0103taie eficace dar pe termen scurt, cu gloan\u021be si s\u0103ge\u021bi, pe o distan\u021b\u0103 de circa 200 metri, inaintea si pe flancurile dispozitivului de lupt\u0103. <sup><a href=\"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C8%98tefan_cel_Mare#cite_note-RosettiArta-20\">[20]<\/a>:p. 154<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Armamentul alb se fabrica \u00een cea mai mare parte pe plan local, \u00een \u021bar\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere necesitatea ca inclusiv oastea cea mare s\u0103 fie \u00eenarmat\u0103 corespunz\u0103tor. <\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"bloc-widget widget-rosu\">\n<p>\u00cen lipsa unui acord scris din partea Ziarului de Vrancea, pute\u0163i prelua maxim 500 de caractere din acest articol dac\u0103 preciza\u0163i sursa \u015fi insera\u0163i vizibil link-ul articolului:\u00a0<span>#insertcurrentlinkhere<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"extra-articol listing-anunturi\">\n<h6>Anun\u021buri <span class=\"text-primary\">ZdV<\/span> Premium<\/h6>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 bloc-egal\"><a class=\"card-anunt\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/anunturi\/auto\/import\/vand-fiat\"><strong class=\"titlu\">Import<\/strong><span class=\"text-anunt\">V\u00e2nd Fiat Doblo 2008, motor 1300, 115.000&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"data-anunt\">09.07.2026  <\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 bloc-egal\"><a class=\"card-anunt\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/anunturi\/servicii\/execut-lucrari-in-constructii\"><strong class=\"titlu\">SERVICII<\/strong><span class=\"text-anunt\">Execut amenaj\u0103ri interioare \u0219i exterioare la&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"data-anunt\">07.07.2026  <\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 bloc-egal\"><a class=\"card-anunt\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/anunturi\/altele\/matrimoniale\/Imi-caut-sufletul-pereche-anunt-72798\"><strong class=\"titlu\">Matrimoniale<\/strong><span class=\"text-anunt\">\u00a0Domn serios caut doamn\u0103 serioas\u0103 pentru&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"data-anunt\">30.06.2026  <\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"extra-articol alte-articole\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-6 bloc-egal\">\n<div class=\"card articol-listing\">\n<h6>\u00cen categoria <a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\">Timp Liber<\/a><\/h6>\n<div class=\"grup-articol-listing\">\n<div class=\"cont-pils\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/foto-vrancea-pe-harta-artei-contemporane-internationale\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/180_135\/timp-liber\/foto-vrancea-pe-harta-artei-contemporane-internationale\/mediaPool\/uMuEmhf.jpeg\" class=\"img-responsive img-180\" alt><\/a><\/div>\n<h2><a class=\"link-titlu\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/foto-vrancea-pe-harta-artei-contemporane-internationale\">Foto | Vrancea, pe harta artei contemporane interna\u021bionale<\/a><\/h2>\n<div class=\"date-post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/autor\/nina-elena-plopeanu\">Nina Elena Plopeanu<\/a>,  9 iul 2026  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grup-articol-listing\">\n<div class=\"cont-pils\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/astazi-despre.dramele-marilor-cantarete-nascute-in-aceeasi-zi---angela-similea-mirabela-dauer-si-margareta-paslaru\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/180_135\/timp-liber\/astazi-despre.dramele-marilor-cantarete-nascute-in-aceeasi-zi---angela-similea-mirabela-dauer-si-margareta-paslaru\/mediaPool\/uRcY4Ci.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive img-180\" alt><\/a><\/div>\n<h2><a class=\"link-titlu\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/astazi-despre.dramele-marilor-cantarete-nascute-in-aceeasi-zi---angela-similea-mirabela-dauer-si-margareta-paslaru\">VIDEO Ast\u0103zi despre&#8230; 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Victim\u0103 a caraca\u021biei bol\u0219evice. Arestat de comuni\u0219ti \u0219i \u201euitat\u201d \u00een \u00eenchisoare deoarece \u201ea ponegrit\u201d Partidul Muncitoresc Rom\u00e2n. Era cumnatul lui Lucre\u021biu P\u0103tr\u0103\u0219canu<\/a><\/h2>\n<div class=\"date-post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/autor\/ziarul-de-vrancea\">Ziarul de Vrancea<\/a>,  8 iul 2026  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grup-articol-listing\">\n<div class=\"cont-pils\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/horoscop-6-12-iulie-2026\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/180_135\/timp-liber\/horoscop-6-12-iulie-2026\/mediaPool\/uA8enxT.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive img-180\" alt><\/a><\/div>\n<h2><a class=\"link-titlu\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/horoscop-6-12-iulie-2026\">Horoscop: 6-12 iulie 2026 <\/a><\/h2>\n<div class=\"date-post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/autor\/ziarul-de-vrancea\">Ziarul de Vrancea<\/a>,  6 iul 2026  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"grup-articol-listing\">\n<div class=\"cont-pils\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/actualitatea\/stiri-locale\/astazi-despre-constantin-tanase---actorul-nascut-la-vaslui-care-a-infiintat-in-1919-trupa-de-teatru-de-revista-carabus---a-creat-tipul-cetateanului-simplu-umil-si-necajit-mereu-in-contradictie-cu-birocratia-aparatului-de-stat\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/180_135\/actualitatea\/stiri-locale\/astazi-despre-constantin-tanase---actorul-nascut-la-vaslui-care-a-infiintat-in-1919-trupa-de-teatru-de-revista-carabus---a-creat-tipul-cetateanului-simplu-umil-si-necajit-mereu-in-contradictie-cu-birocratia-aparatului-de-stat\/mediaPool\/ucfEeVk.jpg\" class=\"img-responsive img-180\" alt><\/a><\/div>\n<h2><a class=\"link-titlu\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/actualitatea\/stiri-locale\/astazi-despre-constantin-tanase---actorul-nascut-la-vaslui-care-a-infiintat-in-1919-trupa-de-teatru-de-revista-carabus---a-creat-tipul-cetateanului-simplu-umil-si-necajit-mereu-in-contradictie-cu-birocratia-aparatului-de-stat\">VIDEO Ast\u0103zi despre Constantin T\u0103nase &#8211; Actorul n\u0103scut la Vaslui, care a \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u00een 1919 trupa de teatru de revist\u0103  \u201eC\u0103r\u0103bu\u015f\u201c &#8211;  a creat tipul cet\u0103\u021beanului simplu, umil \u0219i nec\u0103jit, mereu \u00een contradic\u021bie cu birocra\u021bia aparatului de stat <\/a><\/h2>\n<div class=\"date-post\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/autor\/ziarul-de-vrancea\">Ziarul de Vrancea<\/a>,  5 iul 2026  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"extra-articol listing-anunturi\">\n<h6>Anun\u021buri <span class=\"text-primary\">ZdV<\/span> Premium<\/h6>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 bloc-egal\"><a class=\"card-anunt\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/anunturi\/diverse\/trotineta\"><strong class=\"titlu\">DIVERSE<\/strong><span class=\"text-anunt\">V\u00e2nd trotinet\u00e0 in bune condi\u021bii&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"data-anunt\">26.06.2026 , Vrancea , Foc\u0219ani<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 bloc-egal\"><a class=\"card-anunt\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/anunturi\/httpswww.ziaruldevrancea.roanunturialtelediversevand-struguri-de-vin-toate-soiurile\/vand-scrumbii-dunare--capturi-galati--cele-mai-bune-din-ro-\"><strong class=\"titlu\">VANZARI DIVERSE<\/strong><span class=\"text-anunt\">Vand scrumbii superioare , capturi Dunare \/ Galati&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"data-anunt\">26.06.2026 , Gala\u021bi , Gala\u021bi<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-lg-4 col-md-6 bloc-egal\"><a class=\"card-anunt\" href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/anunturi\/altele\/matrimoniale\/dating\"><strong class=\"titlu\">Matrimoniale<\/strong><span class=\"text-anunt\">Barbat singur,47 de ani, doresc o relatie serioasa&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"data-anunt\">17.06.2026 , Vrancea , Foc\u0219ani<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bloc-widget widget-albastru\">\n    Ziarul de Vrancea \u00a0nu este responsabil juridic pentru con\u0163inutul textelor din comentariile de mai jos. Responsabilitatea pentru mesajele dumneavoastra v\u0103 revine \u00een exclusivitate.\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"comentarii-articol\" id=\"comentarii\">\n<h3>Comentarii: <span class=\"text-primary\">0<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\" class=\"btn btn-success btn-adauga-com\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-parent=\"0\" data-target=\"#commentModal\">Adaug\u0103 comentariu<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"loadMask comments-mask\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvs.cname.ro\/images\/loader_40.gif\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"comenteaza-jos\">Trebuie s\u0103 fii <a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/account\">autentificat<\/a> pentru a putea <a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\" class data-toggle=\"modal\" data-parent=\"0\" data-target=\"#commentModal\">posta un comentariu<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"commentModal\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"commentModalLabel\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog modal-lg\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h3 class=\"modal-title\" id=\"commentModalLabel\">Comenteaz\u0103<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<div class=\"tabel tabel-full\">\n<div class=\"celula\">\n              Trebuie s\u0103 fii <a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/account\">autentificat<\/a> pentru a putea posta un comentariu.\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-footer\">\n<div id=\"commentPending\" class=\"formPending pull-left\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvs.cname.ro\/images\/loader_40.gif\"> In curs de procesare&#8230;<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\" class=\"btn btn-default\" data-dismiss=\"modal\">Anuleaz\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"commentReportModal\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"commentReportModalLabel\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog modal-lg\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h3 class=\"modal-title\" id=\"commentReportModalLabel\">Raporteaza comentariu<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<div class=\"tabel tabel-full\">\n<div class=\"celula\">\n              Trebuie s\u0103 fii <a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/account\">autentificat<\/a> pentru a putea raporta un comentariu.\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-footer\">\n<div id=\"commentReportPending\" class=\"formPending pull-left\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdvs.cname.ro\/images\/loader_40.gif\"> In curs de procesare&#8230;<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\" class=\"btn btn-default\" data-dismiss=\"modal\">Anuleaz\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal fade\" id=\"commentLikeModal\" role=\"dialog\" aria-labelledby=\"commentLikeModalLabel\">\n<div class=\"modal-dialog modal-lg\" role=\"document\">\n<div class=\"modal-content\">\n<div class=\"modal-header\">\n<h3 class=\"modal-title\" id=\"commentReportModalLabel\">Apreciaza comentariu<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-body\">\n<div class=\"tabel tabel-full\">\n<div class=\"celula\">\n            Trebuie s\u0103 fii <a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/account\">autentificat<\/a> pentru a putea aprecia un comentariu.\n          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"modal-footer\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\" class=\"btn btn-default\" data-dismiss=\"modal\">Anuleaz\u0103<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bloc-widget widget-rosu\"><span><small>Ziarul de Vrancea doreste ca acest site sa fie un spatiu al discutiilor civilizate, al comentariilor de bun simt. Din acest motiv, cei care posteaza comentarii la articole trebuie sa respecte urmatoarele reguli:<br \/>\n1. Sa se refere doar la articolul la care posteaza comentarii.<br \/>\n2. Sa foloseasca un limbaj civilizat, fara injurii, calomnii, comentarii antisemite, xenofobe sau rasiste.<br \/>\n3. Sunt interzise atacurile la adresa autorilor, daca acestea nu au legatura cu textul.<br \/>\n4. Username-ul sa nu fie nume de personalitati ale vietii publice sau parodieri ale acestora.<br \/>\nAutorul unui articol poate fi criticat pentru eventuale greseli, incoerenta, lipsa de documentare etc.<br \/>\nNerespectarea regulilor mentionate mai sus va duce la stergerea comentariilor, fara avertisment si fara explicatii.<br \/>\nAbaterile repetate vor avea drept consecinta interdictia accesului la aceasta facilitate a site-ului.<\/small><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[analyse_source url=&#8221;https:\/\/ziaruldevrancea.ro\/timp-liber\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice&#8221;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/zdvi.cname.ro\/_\/video-astazi-despre-stefan-cel-mare-viteazul-domnitor-al-moldovei-care-sub-domnia-sa-a-avut-atunci-o-perioada-de-maxima-inflorire.-inconjurat-de-trei-adversari-redutabili-ungaria-polonia-si-imperiul-otoman-i-a-infrant-pe-toti-in-batalii-dramatice\/mediaPool\/uGCAXLT.PNG&#8221;] Timp Liber VIDEO | Ast\u0103zi despre voievodul sf\u00e2nt: \u0218tefan cel Mare, viteazul care a luptat cu p\u0103g\u00e2nii \u015fi a ctitorit 44 de biserici: Pleca \u00een urm\u0103 cu 522 de ani, l\u0103s\u00e2nd Moldova \u00een baza unui testament dramatic \u201e&#8230;urma\u0219ilor urma\u0219ilor urma\u0219ilor no\u0219tri\u201d Distribuie: \u00a0 | Ziarul de Vrancea 2 iul 20267652 vizualiz\u0103ri Ast\u0103zi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[226,208],"class_list":["post-2035410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-romania","tag-crawlmanager","tag-ziaruldevrancea-ro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2035410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2035410"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2035410\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2035410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2035410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2035410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}