{"id":2030509,"date":"2026-07-07T03:09:57","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T00:09:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2030509"},"modified":"2026-07-07T03:09:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T00:09:57","slug":"focul-de-arma-care-a-declansat-cel-de-al-doilea-razboi-mondial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=2030509","title":{"rendered":"Focul de arm\u0103 care a declan\u0219at cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/img.svnews.ro\/foto\/2021\/07\/06\/258324\/1884ed50d711b61f76bce624d.jpg&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/img.svnews.ro\/foto\/2021\/07\/06\/258324\/1884ed50d711b61f76bce624d06500325.jpg\" alt><\/p>\n<div class=\"entry_content\">\n<p>Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial a \u00eenceput \u00eentr-o diminea\u021b\u0103, \u00een Sarajevo, \u00een 1937, \u00a0cu asasinarea unui arhiduce.<\/p>\n<p>Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial a \u00eenceput \u00eentr-o noapte, \u00eentr-un triaj din China, cu uciderea unui soldat de r\u00e2nd. La 19 kilometri de Pekin (Beijing), exist\u0103 un loc numit Lukouchaio, unde linia de cale ferat\u0103 dinspre Tientsin se une\u0219te cu calea ferat\u0103 Peking\u2013Hankow. Este vorba despre o zon\u0103 din nordul Chinei care fusese cesionat\u0103 \u00een scopul exploat\u0103rii comerciale de c\u0103tre Japonia, printr-un tratat din 1933.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen noaptea de 7 iulie, o brigad\u0103 din armata japonez\u0103 Kwantung desf\u0103\u0219ura exerci\u021bii de noapte \u00een aceast\u0103 regiune. La un moment dat, s-a auzit un foc de arm\u0103 \u0219i, nu dup\u0103 mult timp, solda\u021bii japonezi au descoperit cadavrul unui camarad z\u0103c\u00e2nd \u00een apropierea vechiului pod Marco Polo.<\/p>\n<p>Nu s-a stabilit niciodat\u0103 cine l-a ucis pe acel soldat, \u00eens\u0103 guvernul japonez a ales s\u0103 fac\u0103 din Incidentul China, cum au denumit ei evenimentul, un casus belli. A \u00eenaintat Chinei un ultimatum: s\u0103 accepte p\u00e2n\u0103 la 18 iulie s\u0103 cedeze cele dou\u0103 provincii nordice Hopei \u0219i Chahar, \u00een caz contrar urm\u00e2nd ca Japonia s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze.<\/p>\n<p>Singura problem\u0103 o reprezenta acum modul \u00een care avea s\u0103 reac\u021bioneze Chiang Kai-shek, liderul Chinei na\u021bionaliste. Pe parcursul ultimului deceniu, generalissimul dovedise reticen\u021b\u0103 \u00een a se confrunta cu Japonia \u00een chestiunea numeroaselor ocup\u0103ri de teritorii chineze, prefer\u00e2nd s\u0103 continue r\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva comuni\u0219tilor, a\u0219tept\u00e2nd ca puterile occidentale s\u0103-l ajute s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eenfr\u00e2ng\u0103 ambii du\u0219mani.<\/p>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, cu vreo \u0219apte luni mai \u00eenainte, Chiang se confruntase cu o situa\u021bie rar \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 de un \u0219ef de stat: fusese r\u0103pit de unul dintre propriii generali, care \u00eencercase s\u0103-l for\u021beze s\u0103 abandoneze r\u0103zboiul civil \u0219i s\u0103 formeze un front unit \u00eempotriva Japoniei. Pentru p\u0103strarea prestigiului, era important ca Chiang s\u0103 nu lase impresia c\u0103-\u0219i ob\u021binuse eliberarea f\u0103c\u00e2nd un t\u00e2rg politic cu cel care \u00eel r\u0103pise. \u00cens\u0103 nu exista nici o \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 t\u00e2rgul fusese f\u0103cut.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen fa\u021ba ultimatumului japonez, Nankingul, capitala na\u021bionalist\u0103, a p\u0103strat ini\u021bial t\u0103cerea. C\u00e2nd, \u00eentr-un t\u00e2rziu, Chiang a r\u0103spuns, nu a f\u0103cut-o cu o declara\u021bie r\u0103sun\u0103toare, nu a f\u0103cut apel la poporul s\u0103u s\u0103 ridice armele. Nu a f\u0103cut nimic altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 afirme c\u0103 nici un teritoriu chinez nu va mai fi cedat japonezilor, \u00eens\u0103 implica\u021biile cuvintelor sale au fost clare: rezisten\u021ba armat\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de o nou\u0103 incursiune. Cel pu\u021bin a\u0219a au interpretat locuitorii din<\/p>\n<p>Peking mesajul lui Chiang, pentru c\u0103 au ie\u0219it pe str\u0103zi ova\u021bion\u00e2nd \u0219i b\u0103t\u00e2nd gongurile. C\u00e2teva zile mai t\u00e2rziu, Japonia a \u00eenceput invadarea Chinei, pe care o preg\u0103tise \u00eendelung, av\u00e2nd nevoie doar de un pretext pentru a o declan\u0219a. 10.000 de solda\u021bi japonezi au trecut peste Marele Zid \u0219i au \u00eenaintat \u00een provincia Hopei.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceput, conflictul a fost cunoscut drept al Doilea R\u0103zboi Sino-Japonez, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een c\u00e2\u021biva ani, omenirea a \u00eenceput s\u0103-l considere ca fiind primul act al celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tot la 7 iulie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1860<\/strong>: Se na\u0219te la Kaliste, \u00een Cehoslovacia, compozitorul austriac Gustav Mahler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1887<\/strong>: Se na\u0219te pictorul rus Marc Chagall.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Geo Alupoae, critic de teatru.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hreview-aggregate\"><span class=\"item\"><span class=\"fn\">Focul de arm\u0103 care a declan\u0219at cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"rating\"><span class=\"average\">10.0<\/span> out of <span class=\"best\">10<\/span> based on <span class=\"votes\">2<\/span> ratings <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div>VN:F [1.9.22_1171]<\/div>\n<div class=\"ratingblock \">\n<div class=\"ratingstars \">\n<div id=\"article_loader_258324\" class=\"ratingloaderarticle\">\n<div class=\"loader arrows \">\n<div class=\"loaderinner\">se actualizeaz\u0103&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ratingtext \">\n<div id=\"gdr_text_a258324\">Rating: 10.0\/<strong>10<\/strong> (2 votes cast)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry_content\">\n<p>Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial a \u00eenceput \u00eentr-o diminea\u021b\u0103, \u00een Sarajevo, \u00een 1937, \u00a0cu asasinarea unui arhiduce.<\/p>\n<p>Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial a \u00eenceput \u00eentr-o noapte, \u00eentr-un triaj din China, cu uciderea unui soldat de r\u00e2nd. La 19 kilometri de Pekin (Beijing), exist\u0103 un loc numit Lukouchaio, unde linia de cale ferat\u0103 dinspre Tientsin se une\u0219te cu calea ferat\u0103 Peking\u2013Hankow. Este vorba despre o zon\u0103 din nordul Chinei care fusese cesionat\u0103 \u00een scopul exploat\u0103rii comerciale de c\u0103tre Japonia, printr-un tratat din 1933.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen noaptea de 7 iulie, o brigad\u0103 din armata japonez\u0103 Kwantung desf\u0103\u0219ura exerci\u021bii de noapte \u00een aceast\u0103 regiune. La un moment dat, s-a auzit un foc de arm\u0103 \u0219i, nu dup\u0103 mult timp, solda\u021bii japonezi au descoperit cadavrul unui camarad z\u0103c\u00e2nd \u00een apropierea vechiului pod Marco Polo.<\/p>\n<p>Nu s-a stabilit niciodat\u0103 cine l-a ucis pe acel soldat, \u00eens\u0103 guvernul japonez a ales s\u0103 fac\u0103 din Incidentul China, cum au denumit ei evenimentul, un casus belli. A \u00eenaintat Chinei un ultimatum: s\u0103 accepte p\u00e2n\u0103 la 18 iulie s\u0103 cedeze cele dou\u0103 provincii nordice Hopei \u0219i Chahar, \u00een caz contrar urm\u00e2nd ca Japonia s\u0103 ac\u021bioneze.<\/p>\n<p>Singura problem\u0103 o reprezenta acum modul \u00een care avea s\u0103 reac\u021bioneze Chiang Kai-shek, liderul Chinei na\u021bionaliste. Pe parcursul ultimului deceniu, generalissimul dovedise reticen\u021b\u0103 \u00een a se confrunta cu Japonia \u00een chestiunea numeroaselor ocup\u0103ri de teritorii chineze, prefer\u00e2nd s\u0103 continue r\u0103zboiul \u00eempotriva comuni\u0219tilor, a\u0219tept\u00e2nd ca puterile occidentale s\u0103-l ajute s\u0103-\u0219i \u00eenfr\u00e2ng\u0103 ambii du\u0219mani.<\/p>\n<p>Pe de alt\u0103 parte, cu vreo \u0219apte luni mai \u00eenainte, Chiang se confruntase cu o situa\u021bie rar \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 de un \u0219ef de stat: fusese r\u0103pit de unul dintre propriii generali, care \u00eencercase s\u0103-l for\u021beze s\u0103 abandoneze r\u0103zboiul civil \u0219i s\u0103 formeze un front unit \u00eempotriva Japoniei. Pentru p\u0103strarea prestigiului, era important ca Chiang s\u0103 nu lase impresia c\u0103-\u0219i ob\u021binuse eliberarea f\u0103c\u00e2nd un t\u00e2rg politic cu cel care \u00eel r\u0103pise. \u00cens\u0103 nu exista nici o \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 t\u00e2rgul fusese f\u0103cut.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen fa\u021ba ultimatumului japonez, Nankingul, capitala na\u021bionalist\u0103, a p\u0103strat ini\u021bial t\u0103cerea. C\u00e2nd, \u00eentr-un t\u00e2rziu, Chiang a r\u0103spuns, nu a f\u0103cut-o cu o declara\u021bie r\u0103sun\u0103toare, nu a f\u0103cut apel la poporul s\u0103u s\u0103 ridice armele. Nu a f\u0103cut nimic altceva dec\u00e2t s\u0103 afirme c\u0103 nici un teritoriu chinez nu va mai fi cedat japonezilor, \u00eens\u0103 implica\u021biile cuvintelor sale au fost clare: rezisten\u021ba armat\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de o nou\u0103 incursiune. Cel pu\u021bin a\u0219a au interpretat locuitorii din<\/p>\n<p>Peking mesajul lui Chiang, pentru c\u0103 au ie\u0219it pe str\u0103zi ova\u021bion\u00e2nd \u0219i b\u0103t\u00e2nd gongurile. C\u00e2teva zile mai t\u00e2rziu, Japonia a \u00eenceput invadarea Chinei, pe care o preg\u0103tise \u00eendelung, av\u00e2nd nevoie doar de un pretext pentru a o declan\u0219a. 10.000 de solda\u021bi japonezi au trecut peste Marele Zid \u0219i au \u00eenaintat \u00een provincia Hopei.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00eenceput, conflictul a fost cunoscut drept al Doilea R\u0103zboi Sino-Japonez, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een c\u00e2\u021biva ani, omenirea a \u00eenceput s\u0103-l considere ca fiind primul act al celui de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tot la 7 iulie<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1860<\/strong>: Se na\u0219te la Kaliste, \u00een Cehoslovacia, compozitorul austriac Gustav Mahler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1887<\/strong>: Se na\u0219te pictorul rus Marc Chagall.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Geo Alupoae, critic de teatru.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hreview-aggregate\"><span class=\"item\"><span class=\"fn\">Focul de arm\u0103 care a declan\u0219at cel de-al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"rating\"><span class=\"average\">10.0<\/span> out of <span class=\"best\">10<\/span> based on <span class=\"votes\">2<\/span> ratings <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>[analyse_source url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.svnews.ro\/focul-de-arma-care-a-declansat-cel-de-al-doilea-razboi-mondial\/258324\/&#8221;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[analyse_image type=&#8221;featured&#8221; src=&#8221;https:\/\/img.svnews.ro\/foto\/2021\/07\/06\/258324\/1884ed50d711b61f76bce624d.jpg&#8221;] Primul R\u0103zboi Mondial a \u00eenceput \u00eentr-o diminea\u021b\u0103, \u00een Sarajevo, \u00een 1937, \u00a0cu asasinarea unui arhiduce. Al Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial a \u00eenceput \u00eentr-o noapte, \u00eentr-un triaj din China, cu uciderea unui soldat de r\u00e2nd. La 19 kilometri de Pekin (Beijing), exist\u0103 un loc numit Lukouchaio, unde linia de cale ferat\u0103 dinspre Tientsin se [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[226,175],"class_list":["post-2030509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-romania","tag-crawlmanager","tag-svnews-ro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2030509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2030509"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2030509\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2030509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2030509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2030509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}