{"id":1659315,"date":"2026-02-01T10:55:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-01T07:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=1659315"},"modified":"2026-02-01T10:55:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T07:55:31","slug":"detalii-despre-modernizarea-flotei-rusiei-investitii-de-100-de-miliarde-de-dolari-gandul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=1659315","title":{"rendered":"Detalii despre modernizarea flotei Rusiei, investi\u021bii de 100 de miliarde de dolari! (G\u00c2NDUL)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_content tdi_120 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 td-post-content tagdiv-type\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_120\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<p id=\"p-0\">\u00cen luna aprilie a anului 2025, \u00een plin r\u0103zboi cu Ucraina, Rusia\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.navaltoday.com\/2025\/04\/16\/russia-unveils-massive-financial-injection-for-naval-sector-100-8-billion-for-new-warships\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a anun\u021bat<\/a>\u00a0un plan de revitalizare a Marinei militare, printr-o investi\u021bie de 8 trilioane de ruble (100 de miliarde de dolari) \u00een modernizarea flotei sale. Pre\u0219edintele rus\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/miza-groenlanda-instructiunile-kremlinului-pentru-presa-de-stat-din-rusia-occident-slabit-nato-fracturata-si-un-presedinte-american-care-se-inspira-din-strategia-lui-puti-20783809\">Vladimir Putin<\/a>\u00a0ar\u00a0avea un profund interes personal \u0219i o pasiune pentru flota rus\u0103, pe care \u2013 la fel ca fo\u0219tii autocra\u021bi ru\u0219i \u2013 o consider\u0103 un simbol esen\u021bial al statutului Rusiei de Mare Putere.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen ciuda promisiunii unei\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/proiectul-09851-khabarovsk-primul-submarin-rusesc-purtator-standard-de-torpile-nucleare-poseidon-va-incepe-testele-pe-mare-operatiuni-in-adancurile-oceanului-si-in-zona-arctica-20775121\">infuzii masive de numerar<\/a>, sursa acestor fonduri este dificil de identificat, deoarece statul rus se\u00a0confrunt\u0103 \u00een prezent cu constr\u00e2ngeri economice severe.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/stabilitatea-strategica-in-pragul-colapsului-poseidon-si-burevestnik-avantaj-militar-pentru-rusia-lumea-se-confrunta-din-nou-cu-amenintarea-unei-noi-curse-a-inarmarilor-20781036\">Provoc\u0103rile<\/a>\u00a0cu care se confrunt\u0103 Marina Rus\u0103 sunt mult mai profunde \u0219i mai complexe.<\/li>\n<li>Acestea implic\u0103 nu doar finan\u021bare, ci \u0219i capacitate industrial\u0103, for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 adecvat\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/fortele-nucleare-ale-rusiei-la-un-nivel-superior-sunt-planificate-teste-pentru-o-noua-generatie-de-rachete-balistice-pentru-a-inlocui-topol-m-20778690\">dificult\u0103\u021bi majore<\/a>\u00a0legate de geografie \u0219i cerin\u021be strategice conflictuale, noteaz\u0103 Jeff Hawn \u2013 cercet\u0103tor la London School of Economics, Departamentul de Istorie Interna\u021bional\u0103 \u2013 pentru\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ridl.io\/russian-navy-between-practicality-and-fantasy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riddle<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-0072658948.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20786134 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0072658948.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786134\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0072658948\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-1\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vladimir Putin | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-0\"><strong>\u201e<\/strong><strong>Marina Rus\u0103 nu ar trebui considerat\u0103 un \u00eentreg\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Marina Rus\u0103 nu ar trebui considerat\u0103 un \u00eentreg, continu\u0103 Jeff Hawn, \u0219i nici Rusia nu ar trebui considerat\u0103 o putere naval\u0103 istoric\u0103 \u00een sensul tradi\u021bional.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-3\">\u201e<strong>Rusia este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/spionaj-in-sutana-scandal-urias-in-suedia-calugaritele-din-belarus-acuzate-ca-sunt-agentii-lui-putin-20775487\">o putere terestr\u0103<\/a><\/strong>, iar\u00a0<strong>geografia dicteaz\u0103 ca marina sa s\u0103 func\u021bioneze sub forma a patru (uneori cinci)\u00a0entit\u0103\u021bi<\/strong>\u00a0\u00een mare parte semi-independente:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flota Baltic\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Flota Nordului<\/li>\n<li>Flota M\u0103rii Negre<\/li>\n<li>Flota Pacificului<\/li>\n<li>Flotila izolat\u0103 a M\u0103rii Caspice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-4\">Geografia face ca mutarea navelor \u00eentre Marea Baltic\u0103 \u0219i Pacific s\u0103 necesite extrem de mult timp.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-5\"><strong>Flotila Caspic\u0103 este complet izolat\u0103, oper\u00e2nd \u00een Marea Caspic\u0103, o zon\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 ie\u0219ire la mare<\/strong>. Doar Flota M\u0103rii Negre se poate baza \u00een mod fiabil pe porturi f\u0103r\u0103 ghea\u021b\u0103 pe tot parcursul anului.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-6\"><strong>Chiar \u0219i cu schimb\u0103rile climatice, cea mai mare parte a Marinei Ruse\u00a0r\u0103m\u00e2ne blocat\u0103 \u00een ghea\u021b\u0103\u00a0\u00een port timp de c\u00e2teva luni \u00een fiecare an. Aceast\u0103 dispersie geografic\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 instala\u021biile de la uscat necesare pentru \u00eentre\u021binerea \u0219i construirea navelor sunt, de asemenea, foarte \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate<\/strong>\u201d, explic\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-1\"><strong>\u201eOperarea \u00een Cercul Polar Arctic pune o presiune enorm\u0103\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-7\">O mo\u0219tenire major\u0103 a URSS este aceea c\u0103 instala\u021biile majore de construc\u021bie naval\u0103 \u2013 \u00een special docurile uscate mari \u2013 erau\u00a0concentrate\u00a0\u00een mare parte \u00een Mykolaiv, Ucraina, \u00een perioada sovietic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-8\">Planificatorii navali sovietici au decis c\u0103 aceast\u0103 capacitate de a construi \u0219i opera \u00een climatul mai bl\u00e2nd pe tot parcursul anului al M\u0103rii Negre compensa cu prisosin\u021b\u0103 izolarea strategic\u0103 a regiunii.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-9\">\u201e<strong>Cele mai mari instala\u021bii care au r\u0103mas sub control rusesc dup\u0103 dizolvarea URSS sunt\u00a0situate \u00een Murmansk, la nord de Cercul Polar Arctic.<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-10\">De\u0219i acestea s-au dovedit adecvate pentru construirea de submarine nucleare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea unor nave mari, operarea \u00een Cercul Polar Arctic pune o presiune enorm\u0103 at\u00e2t asupra personalului, c\u00e2t \u0219i asupra echipamentelor.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-11\">Deservirea unei flote de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate necesit\u0103 personal \u00eenalt calificat, cu mul\u021bi ani de serviciu \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rusia formeaz\u0103 ofi\u021beri prin intermediul academiilor navale din Kaliningrad, Sankt Petersburg \u0219i Vladivostok.<\/li>\n<li>Studen\u021bii termin\u0103 \u0219coala dup\u0103 cinci ani, cu o\u00a0educa\u021bie superioar\u0103\u00a0complet\u0103, \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencep cariera ca locotenen\u021bi.<\/li>\n<li>Programa include timp petrecut pe mare ca ucenici marinari, servind \u00een esen\u021b\u0103 ca marinari \u00eenrola\u021bi \u2013 o experien\u021b\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-12\"><strong>La fel ca restul for\u021belor armate ruse, Marina se bazeaz\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 pe\u00a0serviciul militar obligatoriu. Recru\u021bii navali ru\u0219i sunt \u00eencorpora\u021bi timp de 12 luni \u0219i fac instruire general\u0103 \u00eentre patru \u0219i \u0219ase s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni<\/strong>\u201d, continu\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786126\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-0998678402.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20786126 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0998678402.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"432\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786126\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0998678402\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-13\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">9 mai 2025 \u2013 parad\u0103 militar\u0103 la Moscova | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-2\"><strong>Ape brune, ape verzi \u0219i ape albastre<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-14\">\u00cen ciuda numeroaselor sale deficien\u021be, Rusia\u00a0r\u0103m\u00e2ne capabil\u0103\u00a0s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 nave \u2014 dar tipurile de nave pe care le poate construi \u0219i \u00eentre\u021bine, \u00een mod realist, nu sunt cele necesare pentru o prezen\u021b\u0103 naval\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat global\u0103 (\u00een ape albastre).<\/p>\n<div class=\"mg-bottom-20\" data-id=\"zone 6\">\n<div data-google-query-id=\"CJGatsjyt5IDFWP6DQkdurAHXA\">\n<p id=\"p-15\">Opera\u021biunile navale sunt \u2013 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u2013 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een trei categorii: ape brune, ape verzi \u0219i ape albastre.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Marina de ape brune opereaz\u0103 \u00een principal pe c\u0103ile navigabile interioare (r\u00e2uri, estuare, delte), folosind de obicei ambarca\u021biuni de patrulare mici \u0219i canoniere.<\/li>\n<li>Marinele de ape verzi pot opera eficient \u00een apele de coast\u0103 \u0219i ceva dincolo de limita de 12 mile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-16\">\u201e<strong>Tocmai aceast\u0103 capacitate de ape verzi este cea pe care Rusia o poate construi \u0219i \u00eentre\u021bine \u00een mod realist.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exemplele includ fregatele relativ moderne din\u00a0clasa\u00a0<em>Admiral Gorshkov\u00a0<\/em>\u0219i corvete mai mici, mai pu\u021bin \u00eenarmate, din clasa\u00a0<em>Karakurt<\/em>\u00a0\u0219i<em>\u00a0Buyan<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Aceste nave sunt bine adaptate nevoilor Rusiei: func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een principal ca nave de patrulare \u0219i ap\u0103rare de coast\u0103, lucr\u00e2nd \u00een str\u00e2ns\u0103 cooperare cu radarul terestre, bateriile de rachete de coast\u0103 \u0219i avia\u021bia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-17\"><strong>Navele de naviga\u021bie pe ape verzi au echipaje relativ mici, raz\u0103 de ac\u021biune mai scurt\u0103 \u0219i sisteme mai pu\u021bin complexe<\/strong>, dar sunt totu\u0219i capabile de tranzite lungi \u00eentre teatre de opera\u021biuni (de exemplu, \u00een Pacific \u0219i \u00een Marea Baltic\u0103).<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-18\"><strong>\u00cen schimb, marinele de naviga\u021bie pe ape albastre necesit\u0103 nave mari \u0219i puternice, capabile s\u0103 opereze independent oriunde \u00een lume \u2013 distrug\u0103toare, cruci\u0219\u0103toare, portavioane \u0219i fregate oceanice capabile de proiec\u021bie global\u0103 a puterii<\/strong>\u201d, arat\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1047371753.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20786128 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1047371753.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"443\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786128\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1047371753\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-19\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">K-117 Bryansk, submarin nuclear din clasa Delfin | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-3\">\u201ePortavionul Amiralul Kuzne\u021bov a fost\u00a0scos din uz\u00a0\u00eenc\u0103 din 2018\u201d<\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-20\">Ani \u00eentregi, Marina Rus\u0103 a investit resurse enorme \u00een conservarea navelor de prestigiu, cum ar fi cruci\u0219\u0103torul de lupt\u0103 cu propulsie nuclear\u0103 Piotr Velikiy \u0219i singurul s\u0103u portavion, Amiralul Kuzne\u021bov.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-21\">\u201e<strong>Ambele nave au reprezentat\u00a0un consum masiv\u00a0de resurse, cu un randament opera\u021bional redus.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cruci\u0219\u0103torul Piotr Velikiy a consumat cantit\u0103\u021bi uria\u0219e de fonduri \u0219i timp de operare \u00een \u0219antierul naval doar pentru prestigiul de a putea spune c\u0103 Rusia \u00eenc\u0103 are un cruci\u0219\u0103tor de lupt\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Portavionul Kuzne\u021bov a lansat o serie de misiuni televizate (\u0219i frecvent remorcate), a efectuat atacuri aeriene strategice f\u0103r\u0103 sens \u00een Siria \u00eenainte de a-\u0219i evacua aripa aerian\u0103 c\u0103tre baze terestre, din cauza unor probleme nespecificate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786150\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1020788755.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20786150 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788755.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"503\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786150\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788755\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-22\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portavionul Amiralul Kuzne\u021bov | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>A fost\u00a0scos din uz\u00a0\u00een 2018, dup\u0103 un accident catastrofal \u00een care docul uscat plutitor PD-50 s-a scufundat sub portavion, iar\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/actualitate\/rusia-renunta-la-singurul-portavion-dar-ramane-periculoasa-prin-submarine-si-rachete-adapteaza-flota-la-razboaiele-pe-care-le-poarta-20637890\">Rusia ar putea renun\u021ba definitiv la acest portavion.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-23\"><strong>Docul uscat \u2013 achizi\u021bionat din Suedia \u00een 1980 \u0219i deja problematic \u2013 era folosit deoarece Rusia nu avea nicio alt\u0103 instala\u021bie suficient de mare pentru a gestiona portavionul. O defec\u021biune a pompei a provocat pr\u0103bu\u0219irea unei macarale de 70 de tone peste Kuzne\u021bov, provoc\u00e2nd daune structurale posibil ireparabile<\/strong>\u201d, mai scrie Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786145\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1020788715.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20786145 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788715.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786145\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788715\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-24\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portavionul Amiral Kuzne\u021bov, \u00een \u0219antier | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-4\"><strong>Submarinele nucleare ale Rusiei r\u0103m\u00e2n un factor de descurajare credibil<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-25\">Rusia \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 un avantaj strategic semnificativ \u00een capacitatea sa de a produce \u0219i men\u021bine o for\u021b\u0103 submarin\u0103 considerabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-26\">Submarinele sunt mai compacte dec\u00e2t navele de suprafa\u021b\u0103, necesit\u0103 echipaje mai mici \u0219i au mai pu\u021bine sisteme complexe de armament pentru coordonare.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-27\">\u201e<strong>Sunt flexibile din punct de vedere tactic. Variantele de rachete balistice pot lansa at\u00e2t muni\u021bii nucleare, c\u00e2t \u0219i conven\u021bionale, iar Rusia produce at\u00e2t tipuri diesel-electrice, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu propulsie nuclear\u0103, cu o raz\u0103 de ac\u021biune considerabil\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-28\">Cu toate acestea,\u00a0<strong>rachetele de croazier\u0103 conven\u021bionale Kalibr, care au fost pilonul principal al atacurilor submarinelor ruse\u0219ti, au devenit din ce \u00een ce mai rare de la escaladarea conflictului din Ucraina.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786132\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1036415127.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20786132 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1036415127.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786132\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1036415127\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-29\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201eSubmarinele nucleare ale Rusiei r\u0103m\u00e2n un factor de descurajare credibil\u201d | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>La fel ca misiunile ineficiente ale lui Kuzne\u021bov, opera\u021biunile submarinelor cu rachete balistice au fost foarte limitate.<\/li>\n<li>Atacul submarinului Krasnodar din 2022 asupra Vini\u021bei, care a ucis 23 de civili, a consumat rachete Kalibr valoroase, greu de \u00eenlocuit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-30\">Submarinele nu pot trece cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 la dronele \u0219i rachetele mai ieftine \u0219i mai rudimentare pe care Rusia se bazeaz\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult, deoarece acestea sunt concepute pentru r\u0103zboi de precizie.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-31\"><strong>Astfel, de\u0219i submarinele nucleare ale Rusiei r\u0103m\u00e2n un factor de descurajare credibil \u0219i un instrument poten\u021bial al r\u0103zboiului asimetric (de exemplu, \u021bintirea cablurilor submarine), acestea au o utilitate foarte mic\u0103 \u00een r\u0103zboiul terestru actual al Rusiei \u00een Ucraina<\/strong>\u201d, avertizeaz\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-5\"><strong>\u201e<\/strong><strong>Rusia are un model istoric \u00eendelungat de conduc\u0103tori care adopt\u0103 construc\u021bii navale risipitoare\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-32\">R\u0103m\u00e2ne discutabil \u2013 mai scrie Jeff Hawn \u00a0\u2013 dac\u0103 Rusia \u00ee\u0219i va realiza cu adev\u0103rat investi\u021bia naval\u0103 anun\u021bat\u0103 de 100 de miliarde de dolari \u0219i este la fel de discutabil dac\u0103 orice efort par\u021bial de revitalizare poate dep\u0103\u0219i provoc\u0103rile sistemice din \u00eentreaga economie \u0219i industrie de ap\u0103rare.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-33\">\u201e<strong>Nu este clar dac\u0103 Rusia de\u021bine baza industrial\u0103 necesar\u0103 pentru a reconstrui o flot\u0103 de ape albastre \u2013 sau chiar pentru a men\u021bine \u00een mod durabil o flot\u0103 de ape verzi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen discursul s\u0103u pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103, pre\u0219edintele Putin\u00a0a prezentat\u00a0investi\u021bia ca un angajament pentru modernizarea pe termen lung a flotei, extinderea major\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii de construc\u021bie naval\u0103, accentul continuu pus pe capacit\u0103\u021bile nucleare \u0219i dezvoltarea submarinelor \u0219i investi\u021biile \u00een noi tehnologii ale dronelor.<\/li>\n<li>Totu\u0219i, modernizarea poate include continuarea unor proiecte extrem de costisitoare, cum ar fi readucerea \u00een serviciu a cruci\u0219\u0103torului de lupt\u0103 Admiral Nakhimov \u00een timp ce Piotr Velikiy este supus repara\u021biilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-34\">De\u0219i Rusia va cheltui probabil o parte semnificativ\u0103 din fondurile disponibile pentru extinderea capacit\u0103\u021bilor de naviga\u021bie \u00een apele verzi, regimul actual r\u0103m\u00e2ne extrem de con\u0219tient de \u2013 \u0219i sensibil la \u2013 statutul s\u0103u perceput de mare putere.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-35\"><strong>Rusia are un model istoric \u00eendelungat de conduc\u0103tori care adopt\u0103 construc\u021bii navale risipitoare tocmai pentru c\u0103 o marin\u0103 naval\u0103 mare este considerat\u0103 un semn necesar al statutului de mare putere<\/strong>\u201d, \u00eencheie Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>surs\u0103: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/marina-rusiei-intre-fictiune-si-realitate-modernizarea-dorita-de-putin-ar-costa-cel-putin-100-de-miliarde-dolari-dar-statutul-de-mare-putere-navala-este-greu-de-atins-20786110\">gandul.ro<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"td_block_wrap tdb_single_content tdi_120 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_1 td-post-content tagdiv-type\" data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_120\">\n<div class=\"tdb-block-inner td-fix-index\">\n<p id=\"p-0\">\u00cen luna aprilie a anului 2025, \u00een plin r\u0103zboi cu Ucraina, Rusia\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.navaltoday.com\/2025\/04\/16\/russia-unveils-massive-financial-injection-for-naval-sector-100-8-billion-for-new-warships\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a anun\u021bat<\/a>\u00a0un plan de revitalizare a Marinei militare, printr-o investi\u021bie de 8 trilioane de ruble (100 de miliarde de dolari) \u00een modernizarea flotei sale. Pre\u0219edintele rus\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/miza-groenlanda-instructiunile-kremlinului-pentru-presa-de-stat-din-rusia-occident-slabit-nato-fracturata-si-un-presedinte-american-care-se-inspira-din-strategia-lui-puti-20783809\">Vladimir Putin<\/a>\u00a0ar\u00a0avea un profund interes personal \u0219i o pasiune pentru flota rus\u0103, pe care \u2013 la fel ca fo\u0219tii autocra\u021bi ru\u0219i \u2013 o consider\u0103 un simbol esen\u021bial al statutului Rusiei de Mare Putere.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen ciuda promisiunii unei\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/proiectul-09851-khabarovsk-primul-submarin-rusesc-purtator-standard-de-torpile-nucleare-poseidon-va-incepe-testele-pe-mare-operatiuni-in-adancurile-oceanului-si-in-zona-arctica-20775121\">infuzii masive de numerar<\/a>, sursa acestor fonduri este dificil de identificat, deoarece statul rus se\u00a0confrunt\u0103 \u00een prezent cu constr\u00e2ngeri economice severe.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/stabilitatea-strategica-in-pragul-colapsului-poseidon-si-burevestnik-avantaj-militar-pentru-rusia-lumea-se-confrunta-din-nou-cu-amenintarea-unei-noi-curse-a-inarmarilor-20781036\">Provoc\u0103rile<\/a>\u00a0cu care se confrunt\u0103 Marina Rus\u0103 sunt mult mai profunde \u0219i mai complexe.<\/li>\n<li>Acestea implic\u0103 nu doar finan\u021bare, ci \u0219i capacitate industrial\u0103, for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 adecvat\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/fortele-nucleare-ale-rusiei-la-un-nivel-superior-sunt-planificate-teste-pentru-o-noua-generatie-de-rachete-balistice-pentru-a-inlocui-topol-m-20778690\">dificult\u0103\u021bi majore<\/a>\u00a0legate de geografie \u0219i cerin\u021be strategice conflictuale, noteaz\u0103 Jeff Hawn \u2013 cercet\u0103tor la London School of Economics, Departamentul de Istorie Interna\u021bional\u0103 \u2013 pentru\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ridl.io\/russian-navy-between-practicality-and-fantasy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riddle<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-0072658948.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20786134 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0072658948.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"488\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786134\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0072658948\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-1\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vladimir Putin | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-0\"><strong>\u201e<\/strong><strong>Marina Rus\u0103 nu ar trebui considerat\u0103 un \u00eentreg\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Marina Rus\u0103 nu ar trebui considerat\u0103 un \u00eentreg, continu\u0103 Jeff Hawn, \u0219i nici Rusia nu ar trebui considerat\u0103 o putere naval\u0103 istoric\u0103 \u00een sensul tradi\u021bional.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-3\">\u201e<strong>Rusia este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/spionaj-in-sutana-scandal-urias-in-suedia-calugaritele-din-belarus-acuzate-ca-sunt-agentii-lui-putin-20775487\">o putere terestr\u0103<\/a><\/strong>, iar\u00a0<strong>geografia dicteaz\u0103 ca marina sa s\u0103 func\u021bioneze sub forma a patru (uneori cinci)\u00a0entit\u0103\u021bi<\/strong>\u00a0\u00een mare parte semi-independente:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flota Baltic\u0103<\/li>\n<li>Flota Nordului<\/li>\n<li>Flota M\u0103rii Negre<\/li>\n<li>Flota Pacificului<\/li>\n<li>Flotila izolat\u0103 a M\u0103rii Caspice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-4\">Geografia face ca mutarea navelor \u00eentre Marea Baltic\u0103 \u0219i Pacific s\u0103 necesite extrem de mult timp.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-5\"><strong>Flotila Caspic\u0103 este complet izolat\u0103, oper\u00e2nd \u00een Marea Caspic\u0103, o zon\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 ie\u0219ire la mare<\/strong>. Doar Flota M\u0103rii Negre se poate baza \u00een mod fiabil pe porturi f\u0103r\u0103 ghea\u021b\u0103 pe tot parcursul anului.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-6\"><strong>Chiar \u0219i cu schimb\u0103rile climatice, cea mai mare parte a Marinei Ruse\u00a0r\u0103m\u00e2ne blocat\u0103 \u00een ghea\u021b\u0103\u00a0\u00een port timp de c\u00e2teva luni \u00een fiecare an. Aceast\u0103 dispersie geografic\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 instala\u021biile de la uscat necesare pentru \u00eentre\u021binerea \u0219i construirea navelor sunt, de asemenea, foarte \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate<\/strong>\u201d, explic\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-1\"><strong>\u201eOperarea \u00een Cercul Polar Arctic pune o presiune enorm\u0103\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-7\">O mo\u0219tenire major\u0103 a URSS este aceea c\u0103 instala\u021biile majore de construc\u021bie naval\u0103 \u2013 \u00een special docurile uscate mari \u2013 erau\u00a0concentrate\u00a0\u00een mare parte \u00een Mykolaiv, Ucraina, \u00een perioada sovietic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-8\">Planificatorii navali sovietici au decis c\u0103 aceast\u0103 capacitate de a construi \u0219i opera \u00een climatul mai bl\u00e2nd pe tot parcursul anului al M\u0103rii Negre compensa cu prisosin\u021b\u0103 izolarea strategic\u0103 a regiunii.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-9\">\u201e<strong>Cele mai mari instala\u021bii care au r\u0103mas sub control rusesc dup\u0103 dizolvarea URSS sunt\u00a0situate \u00een Murmansk, la nord de Cercul Polar Arctic.<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-10\">De\u0219i acestea s-au dovedit adecvate pentru construirea de submarine nucleare \u0219i \u00eentre\u021binerea unor nave mari, operarea \u00een Cercul Polar Arctic pune o presiune enorm\u0103 at\u00e2t asupra personalului, c\u00e2t \u0219i asupra echipamentelor.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-11\">Deservirea unei flote de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate necesit\u0103 personal \u00eenalt calificat, cu mul\u021bi ani de serviciu \u0219i experien\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rusia formeaz\u0103 ofi\u021beri prin intermediul academiilor navale din Kaliningrad, Sankt Petersburg \u0219i Vladivostok.<\/li>\n<li>Studen\u021bii termin\u0103 \u0219coala dup\u0103 cinci ani, cu o\u00a0educa\u021bie superioar\u0103\u00a0complet\u0103, \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencep cariera ca locotenen\u021bi.<\/li>\n<li>Programa include timp petrecut pe mare ca ucenici marinari, servind \u00een esen\u021b\u0103 ca marinari \u00eenrola\u021bi \u2013 o experien\u021b\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-12\"><strong>La fel ca restul for\u021belor armate ruse, Marina se bazeaz\u0103 \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 pe\u00a0serviciul militar obligatoriu. Recru\u021bii navali ru\u0219i sunt \u00eencorpora\u021bi timp de 12 luni \u0219i fac instruire general\u0103 \u00eentre patru \u0219i \u0219ase s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni<\/strong>\u201d, continu\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786126\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-0998678402.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20786126 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0998678402.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"432\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786126\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-0998678402\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-13\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">9 mai 2025 \u2013 parad\u0103 militar\u0103 la Moscova | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-2\"><strong>Ape brune, ape verzi \u0219i ape albastre<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-14\">\u00cen ciuda numeroaselor sale deficien\u021be, Rusia\u00a0r\u0103m\u00e2ne capabil\u0103\u00a0s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 nave \u2014 dar tipurile de nave pe care le poate construi \u0219i \u00eentre\u021bine, \u00een mod realist, nu sunt cele necesare pentru o prezen\u021b\u0103 naval\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat global\u0103 (\u00een ape albastre).<\/p>\n<div class=\"mg-bottom-20\" data-id=\"zone 6\">\n<div data-google-query-id=\"CJGatsjyt5IDFWP6DQkdurAHXA\">\n<p id=\"p-15\">Opera\u021biunile navale sunt \u2013 \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit \u2013 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een trei categorii: ape brune, ape verzi \u0219i ape albastre.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Marina de ape brune opereaz\u0103 \u00een principal pe c\u0103ile navigabile interioare (r\u00e2uri, estuare, delte), folosind de obicei ambarca\u021biuni de patrulare mici \u0219i canoniere.<\/li>\n<li>Marinele de ape verzi pot opera eficient \u00een apele de coast\u0103 \u0219i ceva dincolo de limita de 12 mile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-16\">\u201e<strong>Tocmai aceast\u0103 capacitate de ape verzi este cea pe care Rusia o poate construi \u0219i \u00eentre\u021bine \u00een mod realist.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exemplele includ fregatele relativ moderne din\u00a0clasa\u00a0<em>Admiral Gorshkov\u00a0<\/em>\u0219i corvete mai mici, mai pu\u021bin \u00eenarmate, din clasa\u00a0<em>Karakurt<\/em>\u00a0\u0219i<em>\u00a0Buyan<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>Aceste nave sunt bine adaptate nevoilor Rusiei: func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een principal ca nave de patrulare \u0219i ap\u0103rare de coast\u0103, lucr\u00e2nd \u00een str\u00e2ns\u0103 cooperare cu radarul terestre, bateriile de rachete de coast\u0103 \u0219i avia\u021bia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-17\"><strong>Navele de naviga\u021bie pe ape verzi au echipaje relativ mici, raz\u0103 de ac\u021biune mai scurt\u0103 \u0219i sisteme mai pu\u021bin complexe<\/strong>, dar sunt totu\u0219i capabile de tranzite lungi \u00eentre teatre de opera\u021biuni (de exemplu, \u00een Pacific \u0219i \u00een Marea Baltic\u0103).<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-18\"><strong>\u00cen schimb, marinele de naviga\u021bie pe ape albastre necesit\u0103 nave mari \u0219i puternice, capabile s\u0103 opereze independent oriunde \u00een lume \u2013 distrug\u0103toare, cruci\u0219\u0103toare, portavioane \u0219i fregate oceanice capabile de proiec\u021bie global\u0103 a puterii<\/strong>\u201d, arat\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1047371753.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20786128 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1047371753.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"443\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786128\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1047371753\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-19\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">K-117 Bryansk, submarin nuclear din clasa Delfin | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-3\">\u201ePortavionul Amiralul Kuzne\u021bov a fost\u00a0scos din uz\u00a0\u00eenc\u0103 din 2018\u201d<\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-20\">Ani \u00eentregi, Marina Rus\u0103 a investit resurse enorme \u00een conservarea navelor de prestigiu, cum ar fi cruci\u0219\u0103torul de lupt\u0103 cu propulsie nuclear\u0103 Piotr Velikiy \u0219i singurul s\u0103u portavion, Amiralul Kuzne\u021bov.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-21\">\u201e<strong>Ambele nave au reprezentat\u00a0un consum masiv\u00a0de resurse, cu un randament opera\u021bional redus.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cruci\u0219\u0103torul Piotr Velikiy a consumat cantit\u0103\u021bi uria\u0219e de fonduri \u0219i timp de operare \u00een \u0219antierul naval doar pentru prestigiul de a putea spune c\u0103 Rusia \u00eenc\u0103 are un cruci\u0219\u0103tor de lupt\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Portavionul Kuzne\u021bov a lansat o serie de misiuni televizate (\u0219i frecvent remorcate), a efectuat atacuri aeriene strategice f\u0103r\u0103 sens \u00een Siria \u00eenainte de a-\u0219i evacua aripa aerian\u0103 c\u0103tre baze terestre, din cauza unor probleme nespecificate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786150\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1020788755.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20786150 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788755.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"503\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786150\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788755\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-22\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portavionul Amiralul Kuzne\u021bov | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>A fost\u00a0scos din uz\u00a0\u00een 2018, dup\u0103 un accident catastrofal \u00een care docul uscat plutitor PD-50 s-a scufundat sub portavion, iar\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/actualitate\/rusia-renunta-la-singurul-portavion-dar-ramane-periculoasa-prin-submarine-si-rachete-adapteaza-flota-la-razboaiele-pe-care-le-poarta-20637890\">Rusia ar putea renun\u021ba definitiv la acest portavion.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-23\"><strong>Docul uscat \u2013 achizi\u021bionat din Suedia \u00een 1980 \u0219i deja problematic \u2013 era folosit deoarece Rusia nu avea nicio alt\u0103 instala\u021bie suficient de mare pentru a gestiona portavionul. O defec\u021biune a pompei a provocat pr\u0103bu\u0219irea unei macarale de 70 de tone peste Kuzne\u021bov, provoc\u00e2nd daune structurale posibil ireparabile<\/strong>\u201d, mai scrie Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786145\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1020788715.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20786145 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788715.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786145\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1020788715\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-24\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portavionul Amiral Kuzne\u021bov, \u00een \u0219antier | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-4\"><strong>Submarinele nucleare ale Rusiei r\u0103m\u00e2n un factor de descurajare credibil<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-25\">Rusia \u00ee\u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 un avantaj strategic semnificativ \u00een capacitatea sa de a produce \u0219i men\u021bine o for\u021b\u0103 submarin\u0103 considerabil\u0103.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-26\">Submarinele sunt mai compacte dec\u00e2t navele de suprafa\u021b\u0103, necesit\u0103 echipaje mai mici \u0219i au mai pu\u021bine sisteme complexe de armament pentru coordonare.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-27\">\u201e<strong>Sunt flexibile din punct de vedere tactic. Variantele de rachete balistice pot lansa at\u00e2t muni\u021bii nucleare, c\u00e2t \u0219i conven\u021bionale, iar Rusia produce at\u00e2t tipuri diesel-electrice, c\u00e2t \u0219i cu propulsie nuclear\u0103, cu o raz\u0103 de ac\u021biune considerabil\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-28\">Cu toate acestea,\u00a0<strong>rachetele de croazier\u0103 conven\u021bionale Kalibr, care au fost pilonul principal al atacurilor submarinelor ruse\u0219ti, au devenit din ce \u00een ce mai rare de la escaladarea conflictului din Ucraina.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_20786132\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/profimedia-1036415127.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-20786132 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1036415127.webp\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20786132\" title=\"https3a2f2fwww-gandul-ro2f2fwp-content2fuploads2f20262f012fprofimedia-1036415127\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-29\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201eSubmarinele nucleare ale Rusiei r\u0103m\u00e2n un factor de descurajare credibil\u201d | Foto \u2013 Profimedia Images<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>La fel ca misiunile ineficiente ale lui Kuzne\u021bov, opera\u021biunile submarinelor cu rachete balistice au fost foarte limitate.<\/li>\n<li>Atacul submarinului Krasnodar din 2022 asupra Vini\u021bei, care a ucis 23 de civili, a consumat rachete Kalibr valoroase, greu de \u00eenlocuit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-30\">Submarinele nu pot trece cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 la dronele \u0219i rachetele mai ieftine \u0219i mai rudimentare pe care Rusia se bazeaz\u0103 din ce \u00een ce mai mult, deoarece acestea sunt concepute pentru r\u0103zboi de precizie.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-31\"><strong>Astfel, de\u0219i submarinele nucleare ale Rusiei r\u0103m\u00e2n un factor de descurajare credibil \u0219i un instrument poten\u021bial al r\u0103zboiului asimetric (de exemplu, \u021bintirea cablurilor submarine), acestea au o utilitate foarte mic\u0103 \u00een r\u0103zboiul terestru actual al Rusiei \u00een Ucraina<\/strong>\u201d, avertizeaz\u0103 Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"chapter-5\"><strong>\u201e<\/strong><strong>Rusia are un model istoric \u00eendelungat de conduc\u0103tori care adopt\u0103 construc\u021bii navale risipitoare\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-32\">R\u0103m\u00e2ne discutabil \u2013 mai scrie Jeff Hawn \u00a0\u2013 dac\u0103 Rusia \u00ee\u0219i va realiza cu adev\u0103rat investi\u021bia naval\u0103 anun\u021bat\u0103 de 100 de miliarde de dolari \u0219i este la fel de discutabil dac\u0103 orice efort par\u021bial de revitalizare poate dep\u0103\u0219i provoc\u0103rile sistemice din \u00eentreaga economie \u0219i industrie de ap\u0103rare.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-33\">\u201e<strong>Nu este clar dac\u0103 Rusia de\u021bine baza industrial\u0103 necesar\u0103 pentru a reconstrui o flot\u0103 de ape albastre \u2013 sau chiar pentru a men\u021bine \u00een mod durabil o flot\u0103 de ape verzi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00cen discursul s\u0103u pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103, pre\u0219edintele Putin\u00a0a prezentat\u00a0investi\u021bia ca un angajament pentru modernizarea pe termen lung a flotei, extinderea major\u0103 a capacit\u0103\u021bii de construc\u021bie naval\u0103, accentul continuu pus pe capacit\u0103\u021bile nucleare \u0219i dezvoltarea submarinelor \u0219i investi\u021biile \u00een noi tehnologii ale dronelor.<\/li>\n<li>Totu\u0219i, modernizarea poate include continuarea unor proiecte extrem de costisitoare, cum ar fi readucerea \u00een serviciu a cruci\u0219\u0103torului de lupt\u0103 Admiral Nakhimov \u00een timp ce Piotr Velikiy este supus repara\u021biilor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-34\">De\u0219i Rusia va cheltui probabil o parte semnificativ\u0103 din fondurile disponibile pentru extinderea capacit\u0103\u021bilor de naviga\u021bie \u00een apele verzi, regimul actual r\u0103m\u00e2ne extrem de con\u0219tient de \u2013 \u0219i sensibil la \u2013 statutul s\u0103u perceput de mare putere.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-35\"><strong>Rusia are un model istoric \u00eendelungat de conduc\u0103tori care adopt\u0103 construc\u021bii navale risipitoare tocmai pentru c\u0103 o marin\u0103 naval\u0103 mare este considerat\u0103 un semn necesar al statutului de mare putere<\/strong>\u201d, \u00eencheie Jeff Hawn.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>surs\u0103: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gandul.ro\/international\/marina-rusiei-intre-fictiune-si-realitate-modernizarea-dorita-de-putin-ar-costa-cel-putin-100-de-miliarde-dolari-dar-statutul-de-mare-putere-navala-este-greu-de-atins-20786110\">gandul.ro<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p> Source URL: http:\/\/solidnews.ro\/detalii-despre-modernizarea-flotei-rusiei-investitii-de-100-de-miliarde-de-dolari-gandul\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen luna aprilie a anului 2025, \u00een plin r\u0103zboi cu Ucraina, Rusia\u00a0a anun\u021bat\u00a0un plan de revitalizare a Marinei militare, printr-o investi\u021bie de 8 trilioane de ruble (100 de miliarde de dolari) \u00een modernizarea flotei sale. Pre\u0219edintele rus\u00a0Vladimir Putin\u00a0ar\u00a0avea un profund interes personal \u0219i o pasiune pentru flota rus\u0103, pe care \u2013 la fel ca fo\u0219tii [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89],"tags":[97],"class_list":["post-1659315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-romania","tag-solidnews-ro"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1659315"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659315\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1659315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1659315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1659315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}