{"id":1109522,"date":"2025-12-17T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-17T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=1109522"},"modified":"2025-12-17T08:00:00","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T05:00:00","slug":"was-2025-the-year-of-peak-ragebait","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/?p=1109522","title":{"rendered":"Was 2025 the year of peak ragebait?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"article-body wrapper\">\n<div class=\"embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"raw-html\">\n<p><span>In November 2025, the social media platform <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/twitetr\">X<\/a> rolled out a highly controversial update. Overnight, many accounts had their country or region publicly displayed in their bio, in what head of product Nikita Bier <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/nikitabier\/status\/1992335925322613127\"><span>called<\/span><\/a><span> an \u201cimportant first step to securing the integrity of the global town square\u201d. This included a few surprises. For example, a screenshot quickly circulated showing that the account for the US Department of Homeland Security was actually based in Tel Aviv, Israel. Bier himself denied this, calling it \u201cfake news\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>But there was another, undeniable trend:\u00a0many accounts known for stirring up trouble about politics in Europe and America were revealed to be based thousands of miles from the places they claimed to represent. An account called TRUMP ARMY was based in India. A conspiracy account titled MAGA Storm was posting from Eastern Europe. On the other side of the aisle, a \u201cproud Democrat\u201d and \u201cprofessional MAGA hunter\u201d was actually in Kenya. Their content was overwhelmingly divisive and, yes, rage-inducing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>What dark forces were behind these posters? Is this the foreign interference that politicians have been warning us about? A psy-op, outsourced beyond national borders? As some commentators pointed out, there\u2019s a much more obvious reason staring us in the face: right now, ragebait is a surefire way to drive engagement on social media, where clicks and comments can be traded for cold, hard cash. And sure, riling up a few thousand posters won\u2019t make you <\/span><em><span>rich<\/span><\/em><span>, but in places where work is scarce and\/or wages are low, it might just earn you a living. Do you need to believe the dumb, hateful opinions you\u2019re spouting to receive a payout? Not at all. In fact, some of the accounts have changed their angle entirely over their lifespan, hiding behind a change of username.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content has-tweet\" data-embed-type=\"media-twitter\" data-script-depends=\"twitter-widgets\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">It\u2019s almost as if paying people based on engagement on a website where right wing accounts garner the largest following is going to stimulate thousands of people from \u201cpoor\u201d countries to just post stuff right wing Americans want to see as a way to make an income good enough for\u2026<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Yugopnik (@yugopnik) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/yugopnik\/status\/1993268985278697598?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 25, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"raw-html\">\n<p><span>It\u2019s not only political shitposters that have learned how to mine our limbic system for profit, either. In 2025, ragebait spread so far and wide that Oxford University Press <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corp.oup.com\/news\/the-oxford-word-of-the-year-2025-is-rage-bait\/\"><span>named<\/span><\/a><span> the term its word (or phrase) of the year. As a marketing tool, it became a part of fashion, film, and advertising. It infiltrated the <\/span><em><span>laissez-faire <\/span><\/em><span>world of online sex work. And, in a particularly dark turn, it proliferated at the highest level of international politics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In case you aren\u2019t fully aware what ragebait actually is, allow Oxford University Press to clear it up. According to their word of the year entry, it\u2019s defined as \u201conline content deliberately designed to elicit anger or outrage by being frustrating, provocative, or offensive, typically posted to increase traffic to or engagement with a particular web page or social media content\u201d. Arguably, its roots go back much further than this, to the age of tabloid newspapers and TV news \u2013 even online, it was first mentioned in 2002 \u2013 but the cash-for-engagement dynamics of current social media have taken it to a whole new level.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"instagram-container embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"media-instagram\" data-script-depends=\"instagram-embeds\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"raw-html\">\n<p><span>Why have the experts decided that 2025 is the year to pen ragebait in the history books? President of Oxford Languages Casper Grathwohl points to a dawning awareness around how the phenomenon shapes our emotions and interactions online, which correlates with a surge in the usage of the phrase. \u201cBefore, the internet was focused on grabbing our attention by sparking curiosity in exchange for clicks, but now we\u2019ve seen a dramatic shift to it hijacking and influencing our emotions, and how we respond,\u201d he <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/corp.oup.com\/news\/the-oxford-word-of-the-year-2025-is-rage-bait\/\"><span>says<\/span><\/a><span> in an OUP statement. \u201cIt feels like the natural progression in an ongoing conversation about what it means to be human in a tech-driven world \u2013 and the extremes of online culture.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In fact, a lot of the ragebait has happened on the frontiers of new and emerging technologies. Take, for example, Friend, the company that makes <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/life-culture\/article\/63276\/1\/ai-friend-virtual-companion-answer-humanity-loneliness-epidemic-avi-schiffmann\"><span>virtual companion pendants<\/span><\/a><span> you wear around your neck \u2013 when it bought up billboards across US subways and bus stops, people delighted in defacing them with anti-AI slogans. Founder Avi Schiffmann, however, leaned into the controversy, resharing the graffiti messages on social media. On X, he also reshared a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/AviSchiffmann\/status\/1970225618337046983\"><span>video<\/span><\/a><span> of the LAPD pursuing a murder suspect, in which they happened to pass by a Friend billboard. \u201cMoney well spent,\u201d he wrote.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Then, there\u2019s the Artisan AI ad campaign that hit billboards across London in June, advising companies to \u201cstop hiring humans\u201d. Obviously, this played into widespread fear and anger about AI job displacement \u2013 and it worked, generating thousands of outraged posts and dozens of thinkpieces. A similar ragebait campaign across San Francisco saw the company targeted with death threats. \u201cWas it worth it?\u201d read its June <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.artisan.co\/blog\/stop-hiring-humans\"><span>blog post<\/span><\/a><span>. \u201cYes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content has-tweet\" data-embed-type=\"media-twitter\" data-script-depends=\"twitter-widgets\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Money well spent <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/OTDeOVa74k\">https:\/\/t.co\/OTDeOVa74k<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/vNahJcvit7\">pic.twitter.com\/vNahJcvit7<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Avi (@AviSchiffmann) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AviSchiffmann\/status\/1970225618337046983?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 22, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"raw-html\">\n<p><span>Another public figure who might find themselves asking \u201cWas it worth it?\u201d at the tail end of this year is Sydney Sweeney. If the controversy somehow passed you by,\u00a0despite engulfing the rest of the internet, the then-27-year-old actor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/beauty\/article\/68358\/1\/sydney-sweeney-sexualisation-american-eagle-right-wing-eugenics\">starred<\/a> in a jeans ad for American Eagle this summer, with the tagline: \u201cSydney Sweeney has great jeans.\u201d The wordplay \u2013\u00a0the word \u201cjeans\u201d doubles as \u201cgenes\u201d \u2013\u00a0passed absolutely nobody by, with many pointing out that it wasn\u2019t such a cute joke amid a right-wing culture that increasingly <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/23e93161-4817-4066-8f4c-58c131b4f4be\"><span>embraces<\/span><\/a><span> eugenicist beliefs, especially after casting a model with famously blonde hair and blue eyes. Are we really supposed to believe that the brand\u2019s marketing team was oblivious to this heated atmosphere, or that they didn\u2019t understand the implications of their own pun?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>This is not to say that Sweeney is complicit in American Eagle\u2019s ill-conceived campaign, although she did recently <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/film\/2025\/dec\/07\/sydney-sweeney-says-her-silence-over-jeans-advert-backlash-widened-the-divide\"><span>apologise<\/span><\/a><span> for her silence regarding its online aftermath (which, by the way, contributed to American Eagle\u2019s stocks surging by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/business\/american-eagle-sales-sydney-sweeney-ad\"><span>25 per cent<\/span><\/a><span>). It\u2019s also difficult to believe that fellow celebrities, including Beyonc\u00e9, Addison Rae, and the members of Katseye, really wanted to wade into the so-called \u201cdenim war\u201d when they released their own jeans adverts in the months that followed. Yet they did, and the respective clothing companies \u2013\u00a0Levi\u2019s, Gap, and Lucky Brand \u2013\u00a0reaped the benefits, while the discourse only heated up. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content has-tweet\" data-embed-type=\"media-twitter\" data-script-depends=\"twitter-widgets\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">America is country where you can conduct a political cold war through jean ads <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/22OxYqtpYJ\">pic.twitter.com\/22OxYqtpYJ<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; just a (@F466OT) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/F466OT\/status\/1958622384262717697?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 21, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"raw-html\">\n<p><span>At the height of ragebait summer, the trend also entered the beauty industry via the US cosmetics brand e.l.f., which hired Matt Rife \u2013\u00a0an actor and comedian famous for making a joke about domestic violence, followed by an ableist fake apology \u2013 to front a campaign. The brand later apologised (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cosmeticsbusiness.com\/elf-cosmetics-mark-rife-backlash-campaign-apology\"><span>kind of<\/span><\/a><span>). \u201cBut make no mistake, e.l.f. knows what they\u2019re doing,\u201d said marketing professor <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/samogborn\/\"><span>Sam Ogborn<\/span><\/a><span> in a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/DNT6odXpLSK\/\"><span>post<\/span><\/a><span> on the controversy. \u201cThey\u2019re clearly willing to offend and also absorb the backlash from their core customer.\u201d Why? Because: \u201cRight now, brands know that they have to game social media algorithms to be seen. And to do so, courting backlash is a very cost-effective way to get attention in a short amount of time.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>These cheap tactics aren\u2019t confined to in-your-face marketing campaigns. From the smartphone screen to the cinema screen, ragebait has also crept into content itself. Take the two British adult content creators, Lily Phillips and Bonnie Blue, who\u2019ve had TV documentaries aired about them this year, for sleeping with 100 and 1000+ men in one day, respectively. Yes, their exploits were inspired by the logic of the internet, but mainstream TV is more than happy to feed on the scraps. Or take the 2025 trailer for Emerald Fennell\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/film-tv\/article\/66447\/1\/emerald-fennell-wuthering-heights-adaptation-terrible-margot-robbie-jacob-elordi\">adaptation<\/a> of <\/span><em><span>Wuthering Heights<\/span><\/em><span>, which prioritises \u201caggressively provocative\u201d content over any sense of historical accuracy or faithfulness to the source text. \u201cRagebait has long been Fennell\u2019s modus operandi,\u201d as Dazed\u2019s Serena Smith <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/film-tv\/article\/68554\/1\/emerald-fennell-wuthering-heights-opinion-charli-xcx-rage-bait\"><span>wrote<\/span><\/a><span> earlier this year. But it all makes sense when you consider that the internet is \u2013\u00a0again \u2013\u00a0at the centre of any modern marketing campaign. \u201cWith so many competing demands on our attention, the only way of creating something truly thumb-stopping (and subsequently lucrative) is by being as provocative as possible.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content has-tweet\" data-embed-type=\"media-twitter\" data-script-depends=\"twitter-widgets\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Don\u2019t say Hess to Nazi accusations!<\/p>\n<p>Some people will Goebbels anything down!<\/p>\n<p>Stop G\u0151ring your enemies!<\/p>\n<p>His pronouns would\u2019ve been He\/Himmler!<\/p>\n<p>Bet you did nazi that coming \ud83d\ude02<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Elon Musk (@elonmusk) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/elonmusk\/status\/1882406209187409976?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 23, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"raw-html\">\n<p><span>There can be value in provocation, of course. Artists have proven this across history, from Manet painting a nude sex worker in the mid-1800s (<\/span><em><span>quelle horreur!<\/span><\/em><span>) to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/marina-abramovic\">Marina Abramovi\u0107<\/a>\u2019s recent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/art-photography\/article\/68844\/1\/marina-abramovic-everything-new-always-criticised-balkan-erotic-epic-interview\"><em><span>Balkan Erotic Epic<\/span><\/em><\/a><span>, featuring no less than 70 nude performers in a variety of shocking tableaus. Subversive provocation can push social norms \u2013 about gender, sexuality, race, and much more \u2013 forward in a meaningful way. But ragebait is empty. It doesn\u2019t actually want to change anything, only to extract as much as it can from the system we\u2019ve currently got. An \u2018art form\u2019 can hardly be revolutionary if it\u2019s practised by the official White House Instagram, can it? And <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/donald-trump\">Donald Trump<\/a>\u2019s government is very much joining in on the ragebait when it posts horrendous memes of \u2018Alligator Alcatraz\u2019, deportations, and Ice raids, soundtracked by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/sabrina-carpenter\">Sabrina Carpenter<\/a> (to her <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2025\/dec\/02\/sabrina-carpenter-ice-video\"><span>open disgust<\/span><\/a><span>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/taylor-swift\">Taylor Swift<\/a> (to her <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/2025\/nov\/15\/taylor-swift-silence-trump-administration-speaks-volumes\"><span>incriminating silence<\/span><\/a><span>). As is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/elon-musk\">Elon Musk<\/a> when he jokes about being an actual Nazi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"instagram-container embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"media-instagram\" data-script-depends=\"instagram-embeds\">\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<div class=\"embed-content\" data-embed-type=\"raw-html\">\n<p><span>The fact that we\u2019re becoming \u201cincreasingly aware\u201d of ragebait, as OUP\u2019s Casper Grathwohl tells us, is a two-edged sword. On the one hand, maybe we can build some resilience toward the kind of content that\u2019s hard-coded to raise our hackles, and simply not get so mad. On the other, we find ourselves in a position where we believe <\/span><em><span>anything <\/span><\/em><span>could be ragebait, and there\u2019s no clear way to tell the real dumb posts from the fake dumb posts. When Tucker Carlson asks his fellow right-wing commentator Milo Yiannopoulos if he\u2019s gay, are they having a serious, bigoted conversation or just farming engagement via a manufactured meme? Did an influencer really gift her boyfriend a trip to Auschwitz, hidden inside a birthday cake, or did they just know that the internet would explode and boost their monthly revenue? Was Caroline Calloway trolling or just being coy when she <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/life-culture\/article\/65857\/1\/caroline-calloway-elizabeth-wurtzel-book-guide-to-life-luigi-mangione\"><span>refused to confirm<\/span><\/a><span> whether or not she slept with Luigi Mangione, AKA \u201cliterally fucked the United Healthcare CEO assassin\u201d?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Maybe the ragebait doesn\u2019t really matter \u2013\u00a0maybe we should just log off, or learn to take a joke! Maybe it will make the internet even more <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/life-culture\/article\/62797\/1\/nonsense-accelerationsim-chronically-online-memes-destroy-internet-social-media\"><span>nonsensical<\/span><\/a><span> than ever and cease to be a viable tactic, or even speed up the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/life-culture\/article\/66029\/1\/social-media-death-spiral-twitter-x-tiktok-instagram-elon-musk-mark-zuckerberg\"><span>collapse of social media<\/span><\/a><span> as we know it (if this is the case, I\u2019d like to apologise to all the ragebaiters out there&#8230; I wasn\u2019t familiar with your game). Right now, though, it\u2019s only producing the kind of confusion and ambiguity that\u2019s credited with the normalisation of Donald Trump as a political figure in the mid-2010s, via <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/artsandculture\/article\/35839\/1\/pepe-the-frog-meme-hate-symbol-and-fashion-icon-is-dead\"><span>Pepe<\/span><\/a><span> memes and jokes about his funny haircut. At worst, this chaos provided right-wing actors with plausible deniability as they became increasingly open about their regressive views; at best, it served as a funny distraction while they seized political power. Almost a decade later, with that in mind, it\u2019s probably worth paying attention to what (if anything) the ubiquitous ragebait is trying to normalise or distract us from today. What horrors lurk beneath an Emily Bront\u00eb character fingering a dead fish?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article-series header article-series tags\"><span class=\"heading\">More on these topics:<\/span><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/life-culture\">Life &amp; Culture<\/a><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/dazed-review-2025\">Dazed Review 2025<\/a><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/feature\">Feature<\/a><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/opinion\">Opinion<\/a><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/tag\/elon-musk\">Elon Musk<\/a><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/tag\/social-media\">social media<\/a><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/tag\/donald-trump\">Donald Trump<\/a><a class=\"series\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/tag\/memes\">Memes<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p> Source URL: https:\/\/www.dazeddigital.com\/life-culture\/article\/69290\/1\/2025-year-of-peak-ragebait-sydney-sweeney-donald-trump-wuthering-heights<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In November 2025, the social media platform X rolled out a highly controversial update. Overnight, many accounts had their country or region publicly displayed in their bio, in what head of product Nikita Bier called an \u201cimportant first step to securing the integrity of the global town square\u201d. This included a few surprises. For example, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1109526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[76],"class_list":["post-1109522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","tag-dazeddigital-com"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1109522","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1109522"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1109522\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1109526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1109522"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1109522"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/analyse.optim.biz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1109522"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}